paang (ปาง)
See
pahng.
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Pacific Reef Egret
Common name
for a large wading bird, with the binomial designation Egretta sacra.
READ ON.
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pad (พัด)
Thai.
‘Fan’. Of old an utensil of the Far East. See also
punka.
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pad bai kapho (พัดใบกะพ้อ)
Thai.
A small, round to heart or
lotus-shaped fan, with a short handle, and woven from
the dried leaves of the fan palm.
READ ON.
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pad bai laan (พัดใบลาน)
Thai. Fan made of the leaf of a
species of palm called Corypha lecontei, which is similar to the sugar palm or
ton taan.
In
China,
similar palm-fans known as
bajiao shan, are often exquisitely decorated
with typical Chinese patterns and designs, and used as decorative items (fig.).
It is an
attribute of
Phra Malai and
Shin Thiwali.
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pa daek (ປາແດກ)
Lao for
pla daek.
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pad daam jiw (พัดด้ามจิ้ว)
Thai. A folding fan
(fig.).
Traditionally made in
Chiang Mai in North Thailand and usually painted with scenes of Thai landscapes or ornamental motifs.
The folding fan originated in Japan
in the 8th century and was taken to
China
in the 9th century by a
Japanese monk who had brought some folding fans to China as an offer to the
Emperor. See also
fan.
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paddy
Name for rice in the husk, before
threshing it, as well as for a field where rice is grown.
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Paddyfield Pipit
Common name for a small passerine bird in the pipits and wagtail family
Motacillidae, and with the scientific designation Anthus rufulus.
READ ON.
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pad lek (พัดเหล็ก)
Thai for ‘iron fan’. See
tessen.
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padma
(पद्म)
Sanskrit. ‘Lotus flower’,
i.e. a
pink lotus. White, red and blue lotuses are called differently, i.e.
pundarika,
kamala, and
utpala, respectively.
In general, the lotus is a symbol in Indian culture associated with purity, creativity and fertility,
and the padma or pink lotus is generally reserved for the highest deities and
the
Buddha himself. In
Buddhism,
it is a symbol of
Enlightenment. In
iconography
the lotus is often used as a pedestal for
Buddha images
or a base for Hindu
deities. See also
pathum and
Padma.
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Padma
(पद्म)
Sanskrit. Another name for the Hindu goddess
Lakshmi, in her form as
‘mother of the earth’. See also
padma.
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Padmapani
(पद्मपाणि)
Sanskrit. ‘Lotus in the hand’. The
bodhisattva
Avalokitesvara in his appearance as creator, depicted with many small figures that emerge from his body and represent all beings, gods, and buddhas over whom he has the power to create. See also
Radiating Avalokitesvara.
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Padmasambhava
(पद्मसम्भव)
Sanskrit. Name of a
deity considered to be an emanation of the
Amitabha
Buddha and worshiped in
Vajrayana
Buddhism and
Lamaism. He is also
known as
Guru
Rinpoche, among many other
appellations.
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padmasana
(पद्मसन)
Sanskrit. ‘Lotus throne’. The seated pose of a divinity (asana) with crossed legs forming a circular space resembling an open
lotus. See also
pathum and
padma.
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Padong (ปะด่อง)
One of the subgroups of the
Longneck Karen in Thailand, originally from Burma. They live principally in the province of
Mae Hong Son.
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padwaanlawichanih (พัดวาลวีชนี)
Thai. ‘Royal
Fan and Yak's
Tail’ or ‘Royal Fan and
Fly Whisk’. Part of the Thai royal regalia or
kakuttapan.
These are symbolic items that the king uses to ward off any peril that may
befall his people. During the reign of king
Rama I the fly
whisk was made from yak hair, but this was changed during the reign of king
Mongkut
(Rama IV),
replacing it with the tail-hair of a
White Elephant,
a tradition that still lasts today.
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pad yot (พัดยศ)
Thai. ‘Fan
of rank’. A kind of fan attached to a stick
and used in certain religious and in royal ceremonies.
READ ON.
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Pae Kong
(แป๊ะกง)
Thai-Chinese. Another name for the Tae Chew
deity
Peung Thao Kong (fig.).
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pae kuay (แป๊ะกวย,
แปะก๊วย)
Thai-Chinese
name for
the
Ginkgo biloba
(fig.),
as well as for it seed, i.e. a kind of a semi-large bean
with a hard nut-like shell (fig.).
When peeled it is of a yellowish colour and used in soups as well as in
rice
dishes. In English the seeds are known as ginkgo nuts, after the tree they grow on.
This tree, which is found in China, is a unique species
of tree, with no close living relatives and thus classified as a single species
in its own family, i.e. Ginkgoaceae. Ginkgo nuts are often seen for sale in bulk
on markets around
Bangkok's
Chinatown. Also spelt pae guay.
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paeng dinsoh phong (á»é§´Ô¹Ê;ͧ)
Thai. Name for marl powder, a type
of powder that is made from limestone which is fired into a white clay and then
dissolved in water and filtered to create a fine powder. When mixed with water,
it becomes a cream-like consistency that can be applied to the face and body (fig.).
It is used during
Songkraan as
a long-standing
tradition to show respect to elders and for fun during the water festival.
Dinsoh phong also has skin-nourishing properties and provides a cooling effect,
making it a refreshing relief during Thai new year, which coincides with the
peak of Thailand's hot season. During Songkraan, marl is typically sold in dried
form shaped into small rosette-like swirls or rocks (fig.).
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paengman (แป้งมัน)
Thai name for
tapioca starch, starch of the
cassava.
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pae
riyan (แปะเหรียญ)
Thai. ‘To paste coins’ or ‘to stick coins’.
Name for a kind of tradition or form of
tamboon
in which worshippers or visitors to certain places of worship, leave or stick
coins onto an object of reverence (fig.),
such as a
Buddha image
(fig.),
or an object in its vicinity. Also transliterated pè rian or similar.
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Paet Riw (แปดริ้ว)
Thai. ‘Eight lines’ or
‘eight stripes’. A nickname for
Chachengsao (fig.),
that derives from a story which relates that the city's river (fig.) once teemed with giant snake-head fish that
needed up to eight cuts (paet riw -
fig.) on each
side, to make it into sun-dried fish.
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paga (ਪੱਗ)
Punjabi
name
for
the Hindi term
pagri,
meaning ‘turban’.
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Pagan
(ပုဂံ)
1. For 230 years the capital of
Burma and the city of Burma's Golden
Era,
between the 11th and 13th centuries AD. Its earliest edifice dates from the late ninth century and it was probably founded in 849 AD by the Burmese who lived on the irrigated
rice lands of the Mandalay region
(fig.), after the collapse of the earlier
Pyu
Period. The city was eventually abandoned subsequent to the invasion of Kublai Khan in 1287,
and in 1297, the remaining regime was toppled by the three brothers who
co-founded the
Myinsaing
Kingdom. There are still around 2,217
pagodas among the remains of another 2,000 temple ruins,
as well as
the Bagan Archaeological Museum (map
-
fig.).
Originally, the walled city had twelve gates, but the western and northern parts
of the city wall were washed away by the
Irrawaddy River
(fig.)
and the
Tharabha
Gate, i.e. the main gate of the east wall, is today the only
near-intact gate of the old city (map
-
fig.).
Among the more important monuments and places of interest are
Alodawpyi Phaya
(map
-
fig.),
Ananda Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Buphaya (map
-
fig.),
Dhammayangyi Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Dhammayazika Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Gu Byauk Gyi Zedi Myinkaba
(map
-
fig.),
Gu Byauk Gyi Zedi Wetkyi-in (map
-
fig.),
Htilominlo Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Kyaukgu Umin (map
-
fig.),
Lawkananda Zedi (map
-
fig.),
Maha Bodhi Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Mahazedi
Pagoda (map
-
fig.),
Mahuna Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Myazedi Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Nan Phaya Kyaung (map
-
fig.),
Nathlaung Kyaung (map
-
fig.),
Ngakywenadaung (map
-
fig.),
Kyauk Sa Ga Gyi Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Phaya Thonzu
(map
-
fig.),
Pitaka Taik (map
-
fig.), Pottery Hill (map
-
fig.),
Pya Tha Gyi Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Sabbannu Phaya
which is also known as
Thatbyinnyu Phaya (map
-
fig.) and its
Tally Temple (map
-
fig.),
Shwegugyi Phaya (map
-
fig.),
Shwezigon Phaya,
Bagan
(map
-
fig.),
Sulamani Phaya
(map
-
fig.),
Tantkyitaung Zedi (map
-
fig.),
Gawdawpalin Phaya (map
-
fig.), Thambula Temple (map
-
fig.),
Mingala Zedi (fig.),
Tabatkya Zedi (map
-
fig.),
Shwesandaw Phaya (map
-
fig.)
and
Tuyintaung Zedi (map
-
fig.).
See also
Pegu and
Hongsawadih.
See MAP.
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2. Art style
from the period and region of Pagan, and amply on display at the Bagan
Archaeological Museum in Old Bagan (map
-
fig.).
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3. Name of
the 9th King of the Konbaung
Dynasty of
Burma,
who reigned from 17 November 1846 to 18 February 1853, when he was forced to
abdicate by his
half brothers
Mindon Min
(fig.)
and
Kanaung
(fig.),
in favour of the former. To avoid confusion with the Burmese capital described
above, he is usually referred to as Pagan Min (ပုဂံမင်း), i.e. ‘King Pagan’.
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Pagan
Min (ပုဂံမင်း)
Burmese for ‘King
Pagan’.
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pagoda
1. A temple, religious or sacred tower,
usually in a tapering shape and consisting of several stories, and found in
Burma,
China,
Vietnam (fig.), Korea and Japan.
Its form is often octagonal, which corresponds to
the
Eightfold Path
in
Buddhism, and it usually has an odd number of stories, as this
corresponds with the
yang
principle of the
yin-yang
concept, i.e. the bright aspect, which relates to
Enlightenment
and thus in turn also to heaven.
Similar to and sometimes used as a translation for the Thai word
chedi,
along with the word
stupa.
It may also refer to an idol
found in such a temple or tower.
In Thai known as
tha.
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2. Idol found in such a temple.
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3. In
Vietnam, a temple in
Mahayana Buddhism.
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4. In
Myanmar,
term used generally to refer to a temple and its compound, that is any temple,
whether it has an actual pagoda,
i.e. a sacred tower (zedi
or
stupa),
or not. In this manner it is similar as described above, i.e. an idol found in a
temple. In Burmese referred to as
Phaya.
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pagri (पगड़ी)
Hindi. ‘Turban’. Name of a shawl-like piece
of cloth, that is worn as a kind of headwear, manually wound around the top of
the head of men in India.
READ ON.
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pah chok (ผ้าจก)
Thai. Name for
a kind of traditional cloth (fig.) from Central Thailand, which is produced by using
the
chok weaving technique (fig.). It is typically woven
from
silk or cotton, or from a
combination of both. Also transcribed phah jok.
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pah gohng gahng (ป่าโกงกาง)
Thai name for
mangrove woods.
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pah hahd siao (ผ้าหาดเสี้ยว)
Thai. Name for
a kind of fabric with different patterns, woven with the use of a supplementary weft
technique. It is a product from
Sri Satchanalai, where it is traditionally
woven by the
Thai Phuan.
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pah kahsahwapad (ผ้ากาสาวพัสตร์)
Thai. The
saffron −or alternatively, ochre to brown− coloured robe for Buddhist monks. Within the temple compound this robe covers only one shoulder, but when monks go outside they usually cover themselves completely (fig.). When working (fig.) they wear a lighter shirt called
angsa (fig.).
In both
Buddhism and
Hinduism, saffron and ochre are colours
that symbolize renunciation. Also
kahsahwapad. See also
traijiewon.
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pahkaomah (ผ้าขาวม้า)
Thai. Multi-functional loincloth usually worn around the waist by farmers (fig.), when not used. It serves as a
sarong,
a loincloth for bathing in the open or as a headscarf but may also be applied as
an improvised bag and sometimes even to cook food in.
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pah khit (ผ้าขิต)
Thai.
‘Khit cloth’. Name for an ancient type of hand-woven cloth
(fig.), which is produced in certain areas
of
Isaan.
It typically uses geometric patterns
in contrasting colors, usually a darker pattern over a light background, often
with the colours red, purple and
dark green. Formerly this style of cloth was used in the traditional household
dress of the area, like shoulder cloths, but also to make pillows that are
generally known as
mon khit, etc. In the
past it was customary for Isaan girls to learn to weave khit cloth before
getting married. There are
about 72 different patterns, each with its own specific designation. In 2004,
some of those patterns (fig.)
were publicized on a set of four Thai postage stamps (fig.).
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Pahk Khlong Talaat (ปากคลองตลาด)
Thai. ‘Canal Mouth Market’ or ‘Market at the
Mouth of the Canal’. Name of the biggest wholesale and retail fresh flower
market in
Bangkok.
READ ON.
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pahk nahm (ปากน้ำ)
1. Thai. ‘Water mouth’. Designation for the estuary of a river, as well as the
end or confluence of any other waterway, such as a canal, etc. Sometimes transliterated Paknam, as in
Paknam Incident.
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2. Thai. Nickname for the city of
Samut Prakan,
which is located at the estuary of the
Chao Phraya
River. Sometimes transliterated Paknam, as in
Paknam Incident.
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3. Thai. Name of a
tambon
in the
amphur
Sawankhalok,
in the province of
Sukhothai
(fig.).
See also POSTAGE STAMP.
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pah krahb (ผ้ากราบ)
Thai. ‘Prostrating cloth’. A piece of cloth placed in front of an altar or
Buddha image for resting one's hands and head while praying.
This 25 by 50 centimetre
yellow cloth is mainly used by -especially newly ordained- monks and novices
and is often seen attached to their
traijiewon.
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pah mai saket (ผ้าไหมสาเกต)
Thai name
for an ancient pattern on
silk cloth
from
Roi Et,
made (fig.)
with the
matmi
thechnique (fig.).
It is mainly pinkish to violet in colour and has a very detailed pattern, using
colours that usually include white and gold. Also transcribed pha mai saket and
sometimes called pah mai laai saket.
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pah leh laai (ป่าเลไลย์)
See
Parileyyaka and
pahng pah leh laai.
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pahng (ปาง)
Thai. The attitude, position, pose or style of a
Buddha image, e.g. as used in the
Phra prajam wan system. Also
paang and similar
to the term
tha, yet the latter is
more frequently used to indicate
the attitude or pose in
traditional dance.
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pahng bamphen
thukkarakiriyah (ปางบำเพ็ญทุกรกิริยา)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘The
pose of practicing suffering’ or ‘the attitude of observing mortification’. A style of
Buddha image in the attitude of mortification (fig.).
READ ON.
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pahng chan samoh (ปางฉันสมอ)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of eating the gall-nut
fruit’. Buddha image seated in the
half lotus position with his left hand in his lap and with his right hand placing the gall-nut fruit (samoh) in his mouth to eat (chan). The Buddha sits enjoying happiness under a tree during the seventh week after his
Enlightenment when in the morning
Indra offers him the samoh, the medicinal fruit of the gall-nut tree, a tree of the genus
Terminalia. An alternative pose referring to the same narrative is called
pahng rab (phon) samoh and shows the Buddha accepting the fruit with his right hand. Also pahng chan phon samoh.
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pahng hahm phra kaen jan (ปางห้ามพระแก่นจันทน์)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of stopping the
sandalwood
Buddha image’. Buddha image in a standing pose with a
abhaya
mudra corresponding to Monday in the
Phra prajam wan system. In this pose the left hand is raised with the palm forward as if making a stopping sign and it refers to a scene when the Buddha returned from
Tavatimsa
heaven. When the Buddha was away king Udayana had a sandalwood replica made of him which he erected in a large hall in
Sravasti. On his return this Buddha image greeted the Buddha in a miraculous manner, but the Buddha stopped this by raising his left hand ordering the image back to its place to enable it to serve as an example for the making of other images after his death. A variation of this is the abhaya mudra with the right hand raised, known as
pahng hahm yaht. Only in Thailand there exists yet another variation in which the Buddha has two hands raised in front of him with the palm forward (fig.), known as the pose of ‘calming the waters’, in Thai
pahng hahm samut.
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pahng hahm samut (ปางห้ามสมุทร)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of stopping the ocean’ or ‘calming the waters’.
Buddha image in a standing pose with an
abhaya
mudra performed with two hands, a pose found only in Thailand. This pose correspond with Monday in the
Phra prajam wan system and refers to an episode where the Buddha calmed the flood waters of the Nairanjana River, a tributary of the
Ganges in North India. See also
pahng hahm yaht and
pahng hahm phra kaen jan.
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pahng
hahm yaht (ปางห้ามญาติ)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of stopping the relatives’ or ‘calming the relatives’.
Buddha image in a standing pose with an
abhaya
mudra corresponding to Monday in the
Phra prajam wan system. In this pose the right hand is raised with the palm forward, as making a stopping sign. It refers to an episode where the
Buddha returning from
Tavatimsa
heaven after an absence of three months stopped a quarrel among his relatives over the rights for water of a river flowing through their land. He arbitrated between blood relatives, of both his father and mother, forcing them to make a compromise and share the water. See also
pahng hahm phra kaen jan
and
pahng hahm samut.
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pahng hyieb lohk (»Ò§àËÂÕºâÅ¡)
Thai.
‘Posture of stepping on the world’.
Name of a rather unique and rare
Buddha image
in a standing pose with one foot on a globe,
stepping on the
world,
subduing it.
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pahng kho fon (ปางขอฝน)
Thai. ‘Position of requesting for rain’.
Buddha image in a seated or standing pose in which the right hand is held forward on chest level with the finger tips pointing forward or upward and the left hand is bent in front of the waist with the palm
upward as if forming a bowl. This pose is related to the
pahng song nahm pose and refers to a scene in which the Buddha calls for rain after a long period of drought.
In some images the head of the Buddha is lifted upward, as if looking at the sky
in anticipation of the coming rain (fig.). See also
gandharattha.
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pahng leelah (ปางลีลา)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Attitude of the
gracefully procession’.
Thai designation for a
walking Buddha.
Also spelled paang lihlaa. See
also
Leelah.
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pahng nahg prok (ปางนาคปรก)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of the overspreading
naga’.
Buddha image seated in meditation on the coiled body of the
naga
Muchalinda that uses its head as a cover against rain. This pose refers to a scene during the sixth week after
Siddhartha's
Enlightenment, when the naga king protected the
Buddha, who was
in deep
meditation under a
Taengwood Tree, against heavy rainfall by making a shelter with his multi-headed hood and lifted him above the flood waters by coiling its body under him. According to some old texts it coiled its body around the Buddha
(fig.). This pose corresponds with Saturday in the
Phra prajam wan system. Occasionally represented with the Buddha seated in a
bhumisparsa
pose (fig.),
a pose often found in
Myanmar (fig.),
where the overspreading naga is also
found depicted over a standing Buddha (fig.).
Besides this, it may also refers to
Vishnu, of
whom the Buddha is an avatar, and who is also often represented seated (fig.)
or reclining on the giant
snake
Ananta, e.g.
Anantasayin (fig.).
See also POSTAGE STAMP.
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pahng pah leh laai (ปางป่าเลไลย์)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of
Parileyyaka (pah leh laai) [forest]’.
Buddha image in a pose seated in western style with a monkey and an elephant in the front. This image corresponds with Wednesday during night-time in the
Phra prajam wan system. The pose refers to a scene in Kausambi during the tenth year after the Buddha's
Enlightenment, when the disciples were quarreling amongst themselves causing the Buddha to retire in the forest, searching for calm. A monkey then brought him honey to eat and an elephant, water to lessen his thirst. This pose is also called
Rahu (compare with Rahu
in the Indian
Phra prajam wan system -
fig.).
See also TRAVEL PICTURES.
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pahng pathom thetsanah (»Ò§»°Áà·È¹Ò)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of the first sermon’.
Name for
Buddha image
in a seated pose, that
symbolizes the
Buddha's first public discourse of his
doctrine which was given to five ascetics at
Mrigadava, a deer park in Sarnath,
edifying the
panjawakkih,
in
iconography
depicted with a
mudra or gesture
known as
dhammachakka
and
vitarka. The largest Buddhs statue in
the world portrayed in this position is situated in a giant hall at
Wat Phraphuttha Saengtham in
Saraburi
(fig.).
WATCH VIDEO (1)
and
(2).
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pahng peut lohk (ปางเปิดโลก)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of opening the world’.
Buddha image in a standing pose,
with the arms pendent alongside his body,
the forearms lifted slightly outwards and the palms turned forwards.
READ ON.
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pahng phijahranah
chara tham (ปางพิจารณาชราธรรม)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of meditating on the
dhamma of aging’.
Buddha image seated in the
half lotus position,
with both hands resting on the knees, the palms down. In English it is usually
called the Consider the Great Truth pose, but also referred to as the pose of
Considering Old Age. The pose relates to the final year of his life, when the
Buddha stopped at a place near Vulture's Peak, known as Veluvana. Aged eighty
and seriously ill, the Buddha preached to his disciple
Ananda on physical decay, explaining him the Law (Dhamma) of Old Age, i.e. that
sickness, old age and death are inevitable to all creatures, describing his body
as an old cart which must be repaired with
bamboo, and bundled up with
narrow strips of leather. The pose is confusingly similar to
pahng rab matoop yaht,
in which a
Buddha image seated in the
half lotus position, has both hands resting on the knees, the palms up.
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pahng plong kammatahn (ปางปลงกรรมฐาน)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of meditating (kammataan) on the cremation or disposal of [a corpse] (plong)’.
Buddha image in a standing pose with a walking stick hanging from his left hand and his right arm pointing downward, the hand slightly forward as if making a gesture, although the positions of the right hand and arm may vary slightly,
and sometimes he is holding the walking stick with his left hand (fig.),
rather than letting it hang from the hand. It refers to the scene in which the Buddha meditates beside the corpse of a girl in Sawatthi on the nature of phenomenal existence and its cessation. Afterwards he took the girl's shroud and made it into a monastic robe thus symbolizing the transience of life.
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pahng prathan phon (ปางประทานพร)
Thai.
‘Position of giving a blessing’ or ‘blessing pose’.
Buddha image,
usually seated in western style, with one hand held up the thumb and index
finger touching or nearly
touching, while the other arm is held down with hand palm
up and the elbow in L-shape, a pose somewhat similar to certain depictions of
the
varada
mudra (fig.).
A famous Buddha image in this pose is known as
Luang Pho Prathan Phon (map
-
fig.),
and is found in many places around the nation, such as at the
Phra Pathom Chedi
in
Nakhon Pathom and at
Wat Phanan Choeng
in
Phra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya.
Occasionally, Buddha statues
in the blessing pose may be seated in the
lotus position,
such as the
Maha Pathimakorn (ÁËÒ»¯ÔÁÒ¡Ã) Buddha statue
at
Wat Phrathat Doi Saket
in
Chiang Mai.
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pahng prathap yeun (ปางประทับยืน)
Thai.
‘Position of standing at ease’.
Buddha image
in a standing pose with both arms hanging passively alongside the body and the eyes downcast. In this pose the Buddha stands quietly before commencing his duties thus reflecting his complete awareness of what he is doing.
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pahng proht Alavaka yak (ปางโปรดอาฬาวกยักษ์)
Thai.
‘Position of preaching to the
yak
Alavaka’.
Buddha image
in a seated pose, with the left hand on his lap and the
right hand raised
in front of the chest with the fingers folded, as in the preaching manner. It is
the Buddha image worshipped by people that are born in the year of the
rat.
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pahng proht sat (ปางโปรดสัตว์)
Thai.
‘Position of preaching to living creatures’.
Buddha image as the guardian of animals,
in a standing pose with
the right hand raised and palm forward,
similar to the
abhaya
mudra, whilst
the other hand is raised and stretched outward with the palm up
(fig.).
The pose refers to a scene in the life of the Buddha when he stayed in a
mango
grove near
the city of Nalantha (นาลันทา)
and told Asiphanthabut (อสิพันธบุตร)),
a local headman, that he always extends loving-kindness to all living creatures
and taught the
dhamma
thoroughly, without any
prejudice to any human being, including people from other religions.
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pahng rab matoop yaht
(ปางรับมธุปยาส)
Thai.
‘Position of accepting
rice
porridge’.
Fame for the pose of a
Buddha image seated in the
half lotus position,
with both hands resting on the knees, the palms up. It refers to the episode in
the Buddha's life before his
Enlightenment,
when he accepted milk-rice or rice
porridge from a young, rich and beautiful milkmaid named
Sujata.
The pose is confusingly similar to
pahng phijahranah chara tham, in which a
Buddha image seated in the
half lotus position, has both hands resting on the knees, the palms down.
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pahng rab samoh (ปางรับสมอ)
Thai.
‘Position of accepting the gall-nut fruit’.
Buddha image
seated in the
half lotus position with his left hand in his lap and his right arm extended to accept (rab) the gall-nut fruit (samoh). The Buddha sits enjoying happiness under a tree during the seventh week after his
Enlightenment when in the morning
Indra offers him the samoh, the medicinal fruit of the gall-nut tree,
a tree of the genus
Terminalia. An alternative pose referring to the same narrative is called
pahng chan (phon) samoh and shows the Buddha placing the fruit in his mouth with his right hand. Also pahng rab phon samoh.
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pahng ram peung (ปางรำพึง)
Thai.
‘Position of reflecting or thinking in retrospect’.
Buddha image in a standing pose with both hands crossed over the chest, meaning
‘contemplation’, ‘consideration’ or ‘retrospective thinking’. This pose refers to a scene in which the Buddha contemplates the subtle nature of
dhamma and ponders on how to reveal this to mankind. This happened after the visit of the two merchants Tapussa and Bhalika came to pay their respects. The Buddha considered that his teachings may be understood better by some than by others. He compared this with the image of
lotus
flowers,
of which some are already flourishing above the water while others are still below the surface awaiting their bloom. The pose of this image corresponds with Friday in the
Phra prajam wan system.
A variety exists in which
both hands are crossed over the
belly
rather than over the chest (fig.).
See also POSTAGE STAMP.
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pahng saiyaat (ปางไสยาสน์)
Thai.
‘Position of sleeping or reclining’.
Buddha image in a reclining pose.
READ ON.
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pahng samahti (ปางสมาธิ)
Thai.
‘Position of meditation’.
Buddha image in
the seated pose of concentration or meditation, similar to the
dhyani
mudra. It refers to a higher form of meditation and corresponds with Thursday in the
Phra prajam wan system, associated with teachers, lawyers and judges. See also
samaddhi.
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pahng song nahm (ปางสรงน้ำ)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of having a bath’.
Buddha image
in a standing pose with a bathing cloth over the left shoulder and the right hand in front of the chest, as if throwing rain water over himself. The left arm hangs passively alongside the body. This pose refers to a scene that happened in
Kosala
district at
Sravasti, in India. After receiving many
meagre meals in his
alms bowl during a protracted period of drought the Buddha pitied the population and asked his disciples for a bathing cloth near a
lotus pond in the garden of Jetavana. When he started to walk in the direction of the pond it began raining and the Buddha washed himself with rainwater. See also
pahng kho fon.
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pahng song phayabaan piksu khai (»Ò§·Ã§¾ÂÒºÒÅÀÔ¡ÉØä¢é)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of
nursing a monk sick with fever’.
Buddha image
in a standing pose carrying a sick monk.
The pose refers to the Buddha, who personally nursed a neglected, feverish monk,
demonstrating compassion and emphasizing the duty to care for the sick
(fig.).
This act, recorded in the
Vinaya
Pitaka, underscores his teachings on selflessness and
community care, shaping Buddhist caregiving traditions.
Buddha statues in this pose
are rare. One notable example can be found at
Wat Laksi Raht Samohson
in
Samut Sakon.
During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, this statue gained increasing
popularity, with devotees expressing their reverence by sprinkling it with
marigold petals, a flower known in Thai as
dao reuang.
See also
Phra Phutta Chao Song Phayabaan Piksu Khai.
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pahng tawaai naet (ปางถวายเนตร)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of dedicating (tawaai) [with] the eyes’.
Buddha image in a standing pose with the arms crossed in front of the waist, the right hand resting on the left. It refers to a scene just after the Buddha's
Enlightenment when he, according to legend, admired the
bodhi tree in gratitude for a whole week without even blinking his eyes (naet). During this event the Buddha was in a state of bliss in which he realized the triviality of all foregoing in his life and contemplated on the suffering of all living things, including the bodhi tree. This image corresponds with Sunday in the
Phra prajam wan system and its name may also be translated as
‘the open-eyed posture’. It is also known as the ‘position of standing in
pensive thought’.
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pahng thukkarakiriyah (ปางทุกรกิริยา)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of mortification’ or ‘attitude of suffering’. A bearded
Buddha image
in a seated,
meditation
pose with a thin, emaciated body (fig.).
The image refers to a scene in which
Siddhartha and the
panjawakkih
practiced extreme asceticism
for six years in a place near the village of Uruvela. He tried to bring his body
and passions into subjection by self-denial but his extreme mortification almost
resulted in his death, following the idea of
Mahavira, who taught that anyone who
overcame his desires would be prepared to fast to death (fig.),
hence he consumed just one grain of rice per day, until
Suchada eventually offered
him a bowl of milk-rice porridge, thus ending his six years of asceticism.
Afer this, he concluded that
there is a
middle path
between austerity and worldliness and abandoned his mortification. Also called
pahng bamphen
thukkarakiriyah.
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pahng um baat (ปางอุ้มบาตร)
Thai-Rajasap.
‘Position of carrying the
alms bowl (baat)’.
Buddha image in a standing pose holding an alms bowl with both hands. This image corresponds with Wednesday during daytime in the
Phra prajam wan system. This pose refers to the first morning in
Kapilavasthu on the Buddha's first visit to his father's palace. In the early morning he went to beg for food among the subjects of his father since nobody had actually invited him for breakfast, although they had received him the night before and had prepared breakfast. Tradition however does not allow mendicant monks to ask for food but eat whatever they are offered by believers.
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pah nung (ผ้านุ่ง)
Thai.
‘To
wear a cloth as a lower garment’. Name
for a traditional
sarong-like
garment for both women and men, especially in the past.
READ ON.
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pah phrae mongkhon (ผ้าแพรมงคล)
Thai name for a piece of
‘silk’ cloth in several different colours used in elemental worship and tied
around objects, either to worship or for protection, such as the bow of a boat
or a tree, the latter two often in order to worship or appease
naang mai,
i.e. female spirits that inhabit
trees. In spite of its name this cloth is usually not made of silk
(phrae)
but is rather of a
synthetic fabric. See also
hom pah
and
TRAVEL PICTURE.
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pah prachiad (ผ้าประเจียด)
Thai. Piece of cloth with
yan numbers and
sacred script, used as a charm to make someone invulnerable. Often red but appears also in others colours.
Also known as
pah yan. See also
prachiad.
They are often placed above door lintels to bless anyone entering or leaving the
house. In Nepal and Tibet, similar pieces of cloth are used as
prayer flags. They
are put out in the open and the wind will send the prayers written on them out
in the world, a principle similar to the Tibetan
prayer wheel.
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pah
sompak (ผ้าสมปัก)
Thai name for a kind of royal
sarong-like
garment, similar to the traditional
pah nung, but of a high,
brocade-like
quality and given to the nobles according to their position.
READ ON.
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pah thip (ผ้าทิพย์)
Thai.
‘Celestial or heavenly cloth’. Ornament or decorated piece of cloth hanging in front of a pedestal. It is part of the pedestal and made from the same material. Usually with seated Buddha images or other seated deities.
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pah thong goh (ปาท่องโก๋)
Thai-Chinese. Name of a wok-fried pastry which, prior to consumption, is usually dipped in soya milk (nahm
tao hoo), sweet and sour milk, or coffee. When fried the dough becomes of a golden colour and swells into a quaint curved x-shape.
Sometimes translated as Chinese donut.
WATCH VIDEO.
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pah tihn jok (ผ้าตีนจก)
Thai. Piece of cloth with a decorative pattern,
woven with
silk and
used as part of skirt-like dress. The pattern often has embroidery, made
with golden or
silver braid or tinsel in the form of a thread, which is woven
with intervals, resembling falling rain. Also transcribed pha teen chok, or
similar. See also
pah nung.
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pahtimohk (ปาติโมกข์)
Thai. The code of 227 precepts for a Buddhist monk. See also
Buddhist precepts.
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pahto (ပုထိုး)
Burmese. Architectural term used for a
stupa
with a vaulted base, as found in early
Bagan
style temples, especially so-called
gu or
cave temples, such as
Pahtothamya Gu Phaya
(fig.). It is
pronounced pahtu or pahtoe,
rather than patho, what the given transliteration suggests.
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Pahtothamya Gu Phaya (ပုထိုးသားများဂူဘုရား)
Burmese. Name of a temple in Old
Bagan.
READ ON.
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pah wai (ผ้าไหว้)
Thai. Cloth or clothes offered by a groom to his parents in law, after a wedding ceremony.
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pah yan (ผ้ายันต์)
See
pah prachiad.
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pah yok (ผ้ายก)
Thai name for
brocade.
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pai (ไพ)
Thai. An obsolete coin equal to three
satang.
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paifang
(牌坊)
Chinese.
‘Memorial archway’ or ‘signboard archway’. Name of a traditional Chinese-style
architectural edifice in the form of a decorated archway.
READ ON.
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paijayon (ไพชยนต์)
Thai. Name for
Indra's abode, banner and vehicle.
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Painted Bronzeback
Another
designation for the
Common Bronzeback.
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Painted Copperleaf
See
hoo plah son.
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Painted Jezebel
Common name
for a medium-sized butterfly, with the binomial name Delias hyparete.
READ ON.
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Painted Stork
Common name for a large wading bird, with the scientific
designation Mycteria
leucocephala.
READ
ON.
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pa-kahrang (ปะการัง)
Thai
generic designation for
‘coral’, i.e. both solitary and colonial
marine invertebrates that develop from coelenterate organisms and consist of a
deposit of calcium carbonate, with the coelenterate animal producing a
calcareous skeleton and polyps. Over time the coral develop into coral rocks and
coral islands, thus creating a coral reef. There are many different kinds, each
with its own varieties, including
Sea Whips or Sea Fans
(fig.),
Brain Corals
(fig.),
Flower Pot Corals (fig.),
Mushroom Corals
(fig.),
Flower Corals
(fig.),
Bubble Corals (fig.),
Common Lettuce Corals, etc.
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pa-kahrang dokmai (ปะการังดอกไม้)
Thai
name for
Wonder Coral.
It is a compound of
pa-kahrang and
dokmai,
and can thus be translated as
‘flower coral’.
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pak kae salak (ผักแกะสลัก)
Thai. The
culinary art of sculpturing
vegetables
into shapes and reliefs, usually in order to adorn banquets. It is
related to
fruit carving, which
is known in Thai as
ponlamai kae salak
(fig.),
though both arts are similar and their terms are often used interchangeably,
and
they
are very often practiced together (fig.).
Most commonly, larger-sized vegetables are
used, such as
pumpkins,
East Asian white radishes (fig.),
and
carrots.
Besides being merely decorative, the carved vegetables may in certain cases also
have a practical use, e.g. a carved
pumpkin, that
is hollowed out and used as a bowl
to
serve food
(fig.).
Also transcribed phak gae salak.
See also POSTAGE STAMPS.
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Paknam Incident
A military engagement that took place during
the
Franco-Siamese War
near
Samut Prakan,
and is named after this city located at the estuary of the
Chao Phraya
River.
READ ON.
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pak pao (ปักเป้า)
1. Thai. A ‘female’ kite that fights the
chula (fig.), the
‘male’ kite, during kite contests. The aim is to try and eliminate each others kite in the air. The pak pao has a diamond shape. See also
kite flying fights.
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2. Thai for
‘globe fish’, ‘balloon fish’ or ‘puffer’ of the genus Tetraodon.
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paksah (ปักษา)
Thai-Pali for
‘bird’, particularly used in literature, next to
paksi
and
paksin, all with the same meaning.
Mythological compound creatures with some features of a bird, often carry one of
the above designations in their name, e.g.
Kabin Paksah,
Kraison Paksah,
Asurapaksi,
Theppaksi,
etc.
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paksi (ปักษี)
Thai-Pali for
‘bird’. Also transcribed paksih or paksee. See also
paksah.
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paksin (ปักษิน)
Thai-Pali for
‘bird’. See also
paksah.
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pak tob chawa (ผักตบชวา)
Thai for
water hyacinth.
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Pak Thong Chai (ปักธงชัย)
Thai. ‘Victory Flag Planting’. Name of an
annual tradition in the
amphur
Nakhon Thai (นครไทย)
in
Phitsanulok,
which is hence also known as the
Nakhon Thai Flag Flying Festival. On the waxing moon of the 14th of the 12th
month, usually around November, the district organizes a big fair to celebrate
and display the unity of its people, who will parade specially made flags
through the village and then hike up Khao Chang Luang Mountain where they will plant
them on the summit. This is depicted on a Thai postage stamp issued in 2018 to
promote tourism in Phitsanulok (fig.).
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Pala
(पाल)
1. Dynasty that ruled over the Bihar and Bengal regions in northern India, between the 8th and 12th centuries AD.
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2. Name given to an art form between the 8th and 12th centuries AD from the North Indian empire of Bihar and Bengal.
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paladkik (ปลัดขิก)
See
pladkik.
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pa-ladkik
(ปลัดขิก)
See
pladkik.
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palanquin
Indian style sedan chair with a hood and concealing curtains. Also
yahnamaht and
yahnumaht. See also
saliang and
kaanhaam.
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Pale-chinned Flycatcher
Common name for a kind of Flycatcher, with the scientific designation Cyornis
poliogenys and a common resident in Nepal, below altitudes of 455 meters. It is about 18 centimeters large and has a
greyish head and a well-defined pale creamy throat. The breast is creamy-orange
and at the flanks, these colours merge with the whitish belly. Its upperparts are grey, which is darker on the sides.
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Pale Grass Blue
Common name for a very small, about 26 to 30 millimeter-sized butterfly.
READ ON.
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Pale Orb Weaver
Common name
for a small spider, with the scientific designation Araneus mitificus and which
is found in many countries of South, East, and Southeast Asia. READ ON.
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Pali
An ancient language derived from Vedic
Sanskrit and used in the sacred texts of
Theravada or
Hinayana
Buddhism, contrary to Sanskrit which is used in
Mahayana
Buddhism. Pali
is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of
Theravada
Buddhism and contains much of the
Buddha's
speech. Closely related to Sanskrit, both languages are sometimes used
interchangeably between these religious sects.
Pali texts were originally recorded in Sinhala, the official script of Sri
Lanka, as well as in other scripts, such as
Khmer
and Burmese. Later also Mongolian, Thai and
Devanagari,
through to a Romanized form,
have been used.
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palladium
1. A sacred image upon which protective and supernatural powers are bestowed.
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2. Rare white metallic element used as a catalyst and in jewellery.
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Pallas's Squirrel
Another name for the
Mountain
Red-bellied Squirrel.
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Pallava
A Hindu dynasty in Southeast India that flourished between the 4th and 8th centuries AD usually classified as post
Gupta, from the 6th to 8th century AD, a significant period in art history.
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palm hahng mah jing jok (ปาล์มหางหมาจิ้งจอก)
Thai for
‘Foxtail
Palm’.
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Palong (ปะหล่อง,
ပလောင်)
Name of a hill
tribe people in Thailand, that originally come from Burma's
Shan
State (fig.).
READ ON.
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Pa-mah (พม่า)
Thai name for
Burma, which
derives from
Bamar,
i.e. the name of the dominant ethnic group in
Myanmar, which is
Thai is similarly known as
Chao
Pa-mah.
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Panaspati
(पनस्पति)
Sanskrit.
‘Lord of the jungle’ or ‘lord of the wilderness’. A form of
Shiva who offers protection against the dangers and demons of the jungle.
The term also refers to either a composite winged animal head or a
mythical animal that combines the
body of
Nondi
(Shiva's bull), the wings of
Hamsa (Brahma's
swan) and the head of the
Garuda
(Vishnu's
vehicle), sometimes assumed to be the same as
Brahmanaspati. In
Thailand, as well as in
Mon
Dvaravati
art, it is occasionally depicted as
the vehicle of the
Buddha
and referred to as
Phra Phanatsabodih, which translates as ‘King
of the Forest’ or ‘Lord of the Jungle’.
Sometimes equated with
kala,
kala face
or
kirtimukha.
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Panax pseudoginseng
Latin. Scientific name for
ginseng.
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pan chang (盘长)
Chinese name for the
Chinese Knot.
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panda
Large, bear-like, black and white mammals native to
China and Tibet.
READ ON.
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pandan
Common name for
Pandanus ordorus.
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pandanus
English-Latin. Large genus of trees with around 600 species, found from East Africa to Australasia and the Pacific.
READ ON.
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Pandava
(पाण्डव)
The tribe who fought with the
Kauravas in the battle at Kuruksthera. Their leader was
Pandu
and his descendants are hence known as the Pandavas. Whereas Pandu remained
childless, he was given an offspring through his wives and the gods. The names
of the Pandavas are
Yudhishthira,
Bhima,
and
Arjuna,
who were begot by
Kunti (कुन्ती) with
Dharma
(also known as
Yama),
Vayu,
and
Indra,
respectively,
and the twins
Nakula
and
Sahadeva, who
were born from
Madri (माद्री) with the
Ashwin
Twins.
All five brothers were married to the same woman, i.e. Draupadi (द्रौपदी),
with whom each had a son of his own. See also
Bhima Swarga.
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pandita (पण्डित)
Sanskrit. ‘Learned’ or
‘literate’, against apandita (अपण्डित),
which means ‘unlearned’ or ‘illiterate’. The original usage of the word refers
to a
Hindu, usually a
Brahman
priest, who has memorized a substantial portion of the
Vedas, together with the corresponding
rhythms for chanting them. Over time its usage changed, first referring to scholars
and learned or wise men, especially those skilled in
Sanskrit,
Hindu law, religion, philosophy or even music, and today the word has become an
honorary title conferred on experts with special knowledge of or skill in any
subject or field. Both the English word pundit and the Thai word
bandit
are derived from it. See also
Vithura Chadok.
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Pandu
(पाण्डु)
Sanskrit. ‘Whitish’.
King of Hastinapur and leader of the
Pandava tribe.
He had
two wives, i.e. Madri (माद्री), a princess of Madra (माद्र) Kingdom, and Kunti
(कुन्ती). One day,
he accidently shot a
sage with an arrow while hunting in the forest, having mistaken him for a deer.
Hence, he was
cursed with a spell that prevented him of making love to his wives, save he
would die.
Remaining childless, Kunti begot three sons
by the gods, i.e. with
Yama,
Vayu,
and
Indra,
while Madri bore a twin son from the physicians to the gods, i.e. the
Ashwin
twins,
the sons of
Ashwini.
Whereas the gods were the actual fathers of Pandu's offspring, Pandu is
recognized as the
earthly father of
his sons, who are together known as the
Pandavas.
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pangkaan tang phra prajam wan (ผังการตั้งพระประจำวัน)
Thai. Plan used in the Hindu
Phra prajam wan system indicating the order and direction of the different gods, including
Rahu and
Ketu.
The system sometimes follows the
navagrahas
or nine planets and may hence be different
from temple to temple. The position of the statues will therefore be made clear
with a map or plan.
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pangolin
Generic common name of a
–usually– nocturnal, scaly mammal, of the genus Manis, of which there
exist several species, with four of them found in South, East and
Southeast Asia, i.e. the Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica -
fig.), also known as the
Malayan Pangolin or Javan Pangolin; the Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla);
the Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata); and the Philippine Pangolin (Manis
culionensis), which is also known as Palawan Pangolin or Malintong. Both the
Sunda Pangolin and the Malayan Pangolin are endangered species (fig.), especially due
to a high demand from
China, where
their scales are
used in Chinese traditional medicine,
notwithstanding that it is today totally illegal and despite all the
scientific evidence that these scales have no therapeutic
value whatsoever. Due to their many scales, pangolins have often been compared
to walking pine cones or artichokes. When it sleeps or feels threatened it curls
up into a ball. This state of defense has led to its common name, which is said
to derive from the Malay word pengguling, a term used for things that can be
rolled up. Pangolins feed on ants and in order to do so, they have extremely
long and sticky tongues, as well as strong claws that help them to remove bark
or break into
termite mounds, etc.
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Pangpond (ปังปอนด์)
Thai.
Name of a popular Thai cartoon character, which was invented and created by Pakdih
Saenthawihsuk (ภักดี แสนทวีสุข).
He is presented as an ordinary boy, with large round eyes and 3 strands of hair
on his head, and always wears blue shorts and a wine red T-shirt with a large white
Thai letter P (ป) on it, i.e. the first letter of his
name. He has a lively imagination and a hyperactive
personality. His curiosity often gets him into trouble, but he always finds a
way out. He owns a dog called
Big (บิ๊ก)
and has a girlfriend named Na-moh (นะโม).
In 1989, he first appeared in the Thai comic weekly
Maha
Sanook,
but now is published in his own comic book. Since 2002, he also features in animated 3D
comic movies and in 2003, Pangpond was chosen as the mascot on a set of four postage stamps
issued to
mark the Thai
National Children's Day
(fig.).
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Pan
Gu (盘古)
Chinese. Name of the
first living being and creator of all in
Chinese mythology, who slept in a black egg until he was born and started
creation.
READ ON.
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panhtain ngo (ပန်းထိမ်ငို)
Burmese for ‘Weeping
Goldsmith’.
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panjanatie (ปัญจนที)
Sanskrit-Thai. The five great rivers of India. See also
Sapta Sindhava.
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panjawakkih (ปัญจวัคคีย์)
Sanskrit-Thai. The five ascetics
to whom the
Buddha
gave his first sermon (fig.)
and who eventually became his disciples. The head of these five ascetics was
Ajnata Kaundinya.
He was ordained a Buddhist monk by the Buddha and hence became the first ever
monk in
Buddhism.
See also TRAVEL PICTURES (1),
(2) and
(3).
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pansa,
phansa (พรรษา)
1. Thai-Pali.
‘Rainy season’. Period from June to October that coincides with
Buddhist Lent when the
monks retreat in their temples to study and meditate, and refrain from traveling to prevent destroying young vegetation and new life that blooms in this period. According to tradition many young boys are ordained as novices (naen) or monks (phra) for the duration of this period. See also
khao pansa and
owk pansa.
Similar term for the seasonal wet
monsoon include
phansa reudoo (พรรษฤดู) and phansakaan (พรรษากาล), but is also known by other
terms, such as
reudoo fon
and
nah
fon.
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2. Thai-Rajasap. ‘Year’ or ‘age’. Respectful term used when
speaking to or of royalty and monks, in order to indicate age.
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pan saai lohk (ปั้นทรายโลก)
Thai.
‘World sand sculpting’. Name of an international art form, that consists
of making sculptures from sand and which in Thailand is practiced especially in
Chachengsao,
where the sculptures usually represent characters and themes from
Buddhism
and the
Ramakien,
as well as from Thai folklore. Sand sculptures are also on display at
Bangkok's
Buddhist Art Garden House, which is known in Thai as
Ban Suan
Phuttasin
(fig.).
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panta (พันตา)
Thai.
‘Thousand eyes’. A name for the god
Indra.
Also transliterated Phan Tah.
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Panthaka (पन्थक, ปันถกะ)
Sanskrit-Thai. Name of
one of the eighteen
arahats, and the elderly brother of
Chudapanthaka.
READ ON.
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panwatsa (พันวรรษา)
Thai. A king who lives for a thousand years, like the king from the story
Khun Chang Khun Paen. See also
Somdet Phra Pan Pie Luang.
Also transliterated Phanwatsah.
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Panya Nanthaphikku (ปัญญา นันทภิกขุ)
Thai.
‘Monk with the Wisdom of
Ananda’. Designation of a Buddhist monk
(Phra
pikku) from
Pattalung
Province.
READ ON.
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Pa-oh (ပအိုဝ့်)
Burmese.
Name of an ethnic group in
Myanmar, which are also known as
Taungthu and Black
Karen.
READ ON.
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Paowanasoon (เปาวนาสูร)
Thai. Name of an
important
yak
character
from the
Ramakien,
who is fighting on the side of
Totsakan.
READ ON.
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papaya
A small kind of tree with the scientific name
Carica papaja that grows to a height of 7.5 meters. The unripe fruits are used as the main ingredient in the popular Thai dish
somtam.
When ripe the fruits turn orange
and resemble the honey melon. Also called
melon tree,
pawpaw and in Thai
malako.
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Papaver somniferum
Latin.
‘Sleep-inducing poppy’. A
50 to 150 centimeter tall plant in the botanical family Papaveraceae,
from which
opium and morphine are extracted.
Each plant normally yields 3 to 8 opium pods (fig.) and its flowers may vary in colour
from white-pink to red-purple. In Thai known as
ton
fin.
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Paper Butterfly
Another
common name for the
Paper Kite.
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Paper Kite
Common name for a translucent
silvery white butterfly with black spots, also known as Paper Butterfly and
Large Tree Nymph, and with the binomial
name Idea leuconoe. It is native to Southeast Asia and is distinguished by its
slender body and large, papery white wings adorned with striking black veins and
markings. They are notable for their size and their somewhat cumbersome flight.
With large wings and relatively weak flight muscles, Paper Kites are easily
affected by even the slightest breeze, causing them to drift through the air
like delicate pieces of paper.
WATCH VIDEO
en
VIDEO (EN).
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paper mulberry tree
A deciduous tree with the scientific name
Broussonetia papyrifera,
which bark is used to make paper. In Thai, it is commonly known as
ton sah,
ton poh sah and
ton poh krasah.
See also
mulberry
and
White Mulberry.
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Paphiopedilum concolor
Latin-botanical name
for
a species of terrestrial
orchid of the genus
Paphiopedilum,
endemic to southern
China,
Myanmar,
Thailand, and
Vietnam.
READ
ON.
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Paphiopedilum exul
Latin-botanical name
for
a
rare species of terrestrial
orchid of the genus
Paphiopedilum,
endemic to Peninsular Thailand.
READ ON.
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Paphiopedilum sukhakulii
Latin-botanical name
for
a species of terrestrial
orchid of the genus Paphiopedilum,
endemic to Isaan.
READ ON.
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Paphiopedilum villosum
Latin-botanical name
for
a species of terrestrial
orchid of the genus Paphiopedilum,
endemic to northeastern India, southern
China,
Myanmar
and Thailand.
READ ON.
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Papyrus Sedge
See
kok ih-yipt.
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Parable of the Snake, Elephant and Fox
An ancient Buddhist tale and
jataka with a
moral teaching on how pride, anger and greed will lead to an untimely death.
When an
elephant one day stopped
with its foot on a hole in which a snake had made its nest, it was arrogant and
didn't want to move on the snake's request, saying that since it was the largest
of all animals in the forest it didn't had to take orders from any other
animals. Hence, the
venomous
snake
became angry and bit the elephant in its leg. The giant died and fell over
crushing the snake in the process, thus both were killed. A fox that passed by
saw the dead elephant and wanted to eat it, but since it couldn't bite through
the thick skin, it entered the corpse though its anus. Once inside, the ravenous
fox ate so much that it became too fat to exit the corpse and thus also died
inside the elephant. As such, arrogance, rage and greediness led to their
premature demise. The story is depicted on one of the
550
glazed
terracotta
tiles on
Shwezigon Phaya
(fig.)
in
Bagan.
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Parakeet Flower
See
Heliconia.
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Paramanuchit Chinorot (ปรมานุชิตชิโนรส)
Thai. Name of the 28th
son of King
Rama I.
READ ON.
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param phao sop (ปะรำเผาศพ)
Thai. ‘Body cremation pavilion’. Thai term for a crematorium. Also tee
plong sop and
Phra
Meru (Phra Mehn).
WATCH VIDEO.
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Parasa Moth
Name of a species of slug moth in the family
Limacodidae. There are several subspecies, of which Parasa repanda,
with the
Thai name mot non nahm sen khob khao (มอธหนอนหนามเส้นขอบขาว),
Parasa pseudo repanda, and Parasa lepida are among the ones found in Thailand
and other parts of Southeast Asia.
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Parasurama (परशुराम)
Name of the sixth
avatara
of
Vishnu,
described as a descendant of
Brahma
and apprentice of
Shiva.
His
attributes
includes an axe, which he
received after undertaking terrible penance to please Shiva, who in turn taught
him the martial arts, making him master of all divine weapons. He is also one of the Seven Immortals of
Hinduism,
referred to in Sanskrit as
Chiranjivi. Also transcribed Parasu-Rama
and Parashurama.
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Pareinma Shin Mingaung (ပရိမ္မရှင် မင်းခေါင်)
Burmese. One of 37
nats that
belong to the official pantheon of spirits
worshipped in
Myanmar. During his life,
he was the 11th Century AD King Kyiso of
Pagan, and brother of
King
Anawrahta (fig.).
He was the usurper who together with his brother Sokkate forced their
stepfather, the 10-11th Century King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu, i.e. the later nat
Htibyuhsaung,
to abdicate and become a recluse. Later, Kyiso was accidentally killed by a hunter's
arrow while hunting for
deer. After
which his brother Sokkate
became king for a while, until he was
killed in a duel by Anawrahta for making his
mother one of his consorts.
See also LIST OF BURMESE NATS.
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Pariah Kite
Common name for a bird of prey,
with the scientific name Milvus migrans
govinda,
i.e. a subspecies of the
Black Kite.
READ
ON.
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parian (เปรียญ)
Thai. A graduate in theology.
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parihataka (परिहाटक)
Sanskrit term for a ring worn around the arm
or leg. See also
keyuradhara.
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Parileyyaka
Pali. Forest near Kausambi where two conversions took place. The first in the seventh year after the Buddha's
Enlightenment, concerning the
yaksha
Avalaka, a tyrannous monster of immense powers who terrorized an entire city, and four years later, the conversion of the bandit
Angulimala (fig.), the delinquent son of a
brahmin who entered into the service of an evil master. It is also the forest to which the Buddha retired on his own to find rest and where he enjoyed the company of a lone elephant and a monkey, of whom he received miraculous assistance, a scene often portrayed in
iconography and called
pahng pah leh laai (fig.). In Thai usually called
‘pah leh laai’,
but also ‘pah li laaika’, ‘pah li laaik’, ‘pah leh laaik’, ‘pah pah li laaik’ (pah li laaik
forest), and ‘pah pah leh laai’ (pah leh laai forest).
The name Parileyyaka is derived from the name of the elephant who waited on the
Buddha.
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parinippahn (ปรินิพพาน, परिनिब्बाण)
Thai-Pali. Term for a state of complete bliss. With regards to the
Buddha, oblivious to worldly things,
i.e. when he passed away (fig.). See also
Mahaparinirvana.
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parinirvana
(परनिर्वाणि)
Sanskrit. In
Buddhism the final
nirvana after death, when all rebirths cease.
The Buddha reached parinirvana
in 483 BC at
Kusinagara
in India, after he had gathered all his disciples to hear his final sermon.
After the Buddha's demise, the Parinirvana Temple (fig.)
was built at this place in order to commemorate the event, and Kusinagara became
an important place of worship for Buddhist pilgrims along the so-called Buddha
Trail in northern India and southern Nepal. See also
Mahaparinirvana.
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parinyah (ปริญญา)
Thai for an academic degree. See also
education.
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parinyah aek (ปริญญาเอก)
Thai for a doctor's degree or doctorate. See also
education.
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parinyah toh (ปริญญาโท)
Thai for a master's degree. See also
education.
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parinyah trih (ปริญญาตรี)
Thai for a bachelor's degree. See also
education.
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Paris Peacock
Name of a large species of swallowtail butterfly, with the
scientific name Papilio paris.
READ ON.
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Parkia
Tree
See
sa-to.
回
Parrot and Palm Garden
Name for a bird sanctuary in
Chachengsao's
Bang Talaat (บางตลาด) district, said to be the biggest parrot farm in
Thailand.
It consists of a large
domain set in a lush green natural
environment, with many
species of
parrots
(fig.)
and palms. Besides the over 2,000 species of
parrots, including some 80 rare breeds,
there are also other animals, such as
waterfowl,
goats
and
deer.
The Parrot and Palm Garden is known in Thai as
Suan Palm Farm Nok.
See MAP.
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Parvati
(पार्वती)
Sanskrit. ‘Daughter of the mountain’. The
shakti of
Shiva in a serene form
(fig.) and mother of
Ganesha (fig.).
She is considered
to be the Hindu
goddess
of marriage
(fig.),
harmony, love, fertility, beauty, children, and devotion.
During Hindu weddings
(fig.)
and as part of the
bridal jewellery, the bride typically wears a
nose chain
(fig.),
known in Hindi as
naak shrinkhala,
in honour of Parvati. Also known as
Uma and
Devi.
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pasa
(पाश)
Sanskrit. ‘Lasso’. An
attribute of
several
Hindu
and
Mahayana
Buddhist deities,
including
Mahakala (fig.),
Ganesha (fig.),
who uses it to combat lust and desire, and also of the
tantric deity
Ushnishavijaya
(fig.),
as well as of
Phra Kaan Chai Sri, the deity responsible for
sending the souls of sinners to
hell. In Thai
called
buangbaat.
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Pa Sak (ป่าสัก)
Thai. Literally ‘Teak
Forest’. Name of a
river that originates in the
Phetchabun
Mountain Range (fig.)
of
Dahn Saai (ด่านซ้าย),
a district of
Loei province famous for the annual
Phi Tah Khohn
festival (fig.).
It then flows through the provinces of
Lopburi
and
Saraburi,
and merges with the
Lopburi River northeast of
Phra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya.
The latter in turn joins the
Chao Phraya
River near the
Pom Phet city fortifications (fig.),
which empties in
the
Gulf of Thailand
(fig.)
near
Samut Prakan.
Sometimes transliterated Pah Sak or Pasak.
WATCH VIDEO.
回
pashmina
A kind
of very fine cashmere wool, which is gained from a special breed of mountain
goat known as Changthangi or Pashmina Goat, which is indigenous to the
Himalayas, where it dwells at high altitudes. Typical
products manufactured from this very soft wool are shawls.
The ultra-fine cashmere fibers are purportedly several times finer than human
hair, and the best quality is allegedly gained from the goat's chin and neck.
Though there are blends of cashmere wool with other materials, such as
silk, the quality of all cashmere (usually labeled 100% pashmina)
is reportedly far superior.
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Pashupati
(पशुपति)
Sanskrit.
Shiva as the
‘Lord of wild animals’ or ‘lord of creatures’. In South India this form of Shiva is represented with four arms, with one hand in a blessing pose, the second opened to accepting an offer, the third holding an axe, and the fourth with a small deer leaping from it.
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passionflower
Name of a plant of which worldwide around 500 species exist. Most passionflowers
are vines and grow in both the cooler mountains and the much hotter climate of
the tropical rain forest. Passionflowers have a wide variety of colourful
flowers (fig.), often perfumed and with additional sweet nectar glands on leaves,
petioles and sometimes bracts. Its fruits contain a juice with an unique aromatic
taste and smell. In Thai called
katakrok (กะทกรก), a name with a double
usage, notably
for the Passiflora caerulea or Passiflora edulis (fig.), as well as for the Olax scandens, a species of
plant belonging to another family. See also
passionfruit,
Bush Passionfruit and
Leopard Lacewing.
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passionfruit
Tropical fruit
belonging to a plant
in the family of
passionflowers and
with the botanical name
Passiflora eduli (fig.), which in Thailand
is mainly cultivated in the North and Northeast.
Immature fruits have a thick, bright green skin, with small light yellow to white spots,
but when ripe the skin turns
reddish brown.
Their shape is somewhat reminiscent of that of certain
tomatoes.
Inside its thick rind, the passionfruit
has
multiple, dark-coloured seeds, that are covered with a
rather slimy fruit of flesh (fig.).
When still immature it is best eaten with a teaspoon and its sweet-and-sour taste perks up by adding a little salt.
Its fruiting season is from
September
to November. In Thai called
sawarot. See also
Bush Passionfruit and
THEMATIC STREET LIGHT.
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pata (पट)
Sanskrit.
‘Piece of cloth’. A commemorative plaque or tablet made from earthenware, stone or metal, bearing the depiction of a deity.
The name derives from earlier Buddhist cloth paintings. See also
votive tablet.
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patak (ปฏัก)
Thai name for
a kind of goad, a long spiked stick (fig.) used for urging cattle or
elephants
forward. It is akin to the shorter
kho chang, the elephant hook used my
mahouts (fig.).
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Pata Zoo
Name of a
privately owned animal zoo in
Bangkok, located on the top two floors, i.e. the sixth
and seventh floors, of the Pata Department Store on
Phra Pinklao Road.
READ ON.
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Pathein (ပုသိမ်ထီး)
Burmese name for small hand-painted
parasols and umbrellas, with a
bamboo framework, which is named after its place of origin, i.e. Pathein, a district of Ayeyawady in
Myanmar.
It is an
attribute of
U Shwe Yo (fig.).
See also
rom and
hti,
as well as TRAVEL PHOTOS (1),
(2) and
(3).
回
Pathet Lao (ປະເທດລາວ)
Laotian.
Full Lao name for
Laos.
回
Pathology and Forensic Museum
See
Siriraj Hospital Museum.
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pathom (ปฐม)
Thai term meaning ‘first’
or
‘primary’.
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pathum (ปทุม)
Thai. Collective name for both the
lotus and
water lily. See also
padma.
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pathum unnahlohm (ปทุมอุณาโลม)
Thai. Name for the royal emblem of
King
Rama I,
which consists of an
unnahlohm,
i.e. an auspicious emblematic
sign used in
Buddhism
and similar to the
yan
sign (fig.),
over a background shaped in the form of a stylized
lotus,
a flower known as
pathum.
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pathumah (ปทุมา)
Thai name for
the
Siam Tulip (fig.).
Also transcribed
pathummah. Compare
with
pathum.
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pathummah (ปทุมมา)
An alternative
spelling for
pathumah.
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Pathum Tham Thada (ปทุมธรรมธาดา)
Thai-Pali. ‘Holder of the
Dharma
Lotus’.
Name of a Buddhist monk in the reign of King
Mongkut
(fig.).
In 1857 AD, the King invited
this monk of Laotian
descent
and with the title of
Phra Kruh, who at that
time lived at
Wat Bowonniwet Wihaan Rachaworawihaan
(fig.),
to become the first abbot of the then
newly constructed temple
Wat Pathum Wanaraam Ratchaworawihaan
(fig.).
He is nicknamed Kam (ก่ำ).
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Pathum Thani (ปทุมธานี)
Thai. ‘Lotus
City’. Capital of a province (map) of the same name in Central Thailand.
READ
ON.
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patisotagami
Pali.
‘To go
against the current’.
Term used to describe the event in the Buddha's life, where he
floated a bowl upstream, against the current of the river Nairanjana,
in order to
affirm his thought, i.e.
if he was to gain Enlightenment. This episode is often
explained as an allegory, which signifies that
the Buddha's
knowledge and
teaching went
against all the teachings of his day. Also
spelled Patisothagami.
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patjai sih (ปัจจัย ๔)
Thai. ‘Four factors’.
Term from Thai Buddhism which teaches
that four things are absolutely necessary for human
life, namely food, clothing, shelter, and medicine, and
that if humans have all four of these qualities, it is
considered sufficient for daily life.
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Patjim (ปัจจิม)
See
Prajim.
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patka
Term
that derives from the
Punjabi
paga
and which refers to an under-turban, i.e. a scarf-like single piece of cloth of about one
square meter, used by
Sikh
boys to wrap their
kesh,
i.e. uncut hair, which is knotted on
top of their head. The cloth, sometimes referred to as a child's turban, is tied over both the topknot and the head. It may
also be worn by adult Sikh men beneath their turban, usually in contrasting colours, or when playing sports.
See also
dastar and
pagri.
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Patpong (พัฒน์พงษ์)
Thai-Chinese. A famous entertainment district in
Bangkok's Bangrak area, named after the Chinese
Patpongpanit family that owns much of the quarter's property. Immigrants from
Hainan, they purchased the land in the post-bellum years of WWII, when it was
little more than an undeveloped plot of land on the outskirts of the city.
Situated on the periphery of today's Sathorn's business district, between Silom and
Suriwong road, Patpong has become a redlight district consisting of two
alleys (Soi Patpong I and Soi Patpong II) with lots of nightclubs, go-go bars
and a busy night bazaar. The area is frequented by mostly foreign tourists. Also
transcribed Pat Pong, Phatphong and Phat Phong.
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Pattalung (พัทลุง)
Thai. ‘City of
Elephants’. Capital of a province as well as the name of the province itself, on the east coast of the southern Thai peninsula 840 kms from
Bangkok.
READ ON.
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Pattani (ปัตตานี)
Capital of a province (map) of the same name situated on the east coast of the Thai peninsula in South Thailand.
READ ON.
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pattasihma (พัทธสีมา)
Thai. The territory or grounds belonging to a
wat or temple, usually demarcated by
Thai Buddhist flags called
thong thammachak (fig.),
often alternately with Thai National flags, known as
thong chaht.
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Pattaya (พัทยา)
Thai. Popular seaside resort
(map) on the East coast of Thailand, in the province of
Chonburi
(map). Its name is
possibly derived from ‘thap phaya’, the army (thap) of a
phaya, referring to the troops of general
Taksin (later king Taksin) that were stationed in the area
(fig.). However, other sources claim that the name comes from the southwest wind which in Thai is spelled slightly differently and named
phat taya. Each year on April 19th it celebrates the
Pattaya Festival, a local extension and climax of the nationwide
Songkraan Festival. Also transcribed Phattaya.
See also MAP,
TRAVEL PICTURE (1),
(2) and
(3),
THEMATIC STREET LIGHT, and
WATCH VIDEO.
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Pattaya Dolphinarium
Name of prominent attraction
dedicated to showcasing the talents of dolphins and other marine animals.
Central to its appeal are live performances featuring trained dolphins, which
demonstrate their agility and intelligence through acrobatics and synchronized
swimming. In addition to dolphins, the venue also includes sea lions and various
marine species, providing a diverse array of entertaining shows. The
dolphinarium emphasizes education and conservation, offering informative
programs that raise awareness about marine ecosystems and the challenges
dolphins face in the wild. Visitors can engage in interactive experiences, such
as swimming with or feeding the dolphins, enhancing their understanding and
appreciation of these creatures. With comfortable seating and amenities like a
gift shop and refreshments, the dolphinarium is easily accessible from central
Pattaya.
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Pattaya Festival
Annual festival in
Pattaya on 19 April, usually celebrated as a kind of local extension and climax of the nationwide
Songkraan Festival.
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pattisangkhon (ปฏิสังขรณ์)
Thai. To restore old temples, Buddha images (fig.) and palaces.
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Patuxai
(ປະຕູໄຊ)
Lao. ‘Victory Gate’. Name of a war
monument located on Thanon Lahn Sang (ຖະຫນົນລ້ານຊ້າງ), usually translated as
Lane Xang Avenue, in downtown Vientiane (ວຽງຈັນ), the capital city of
Laos.
Built between 1957 and 1968, it commemorates those who fought for independence
from France. Its design, while reminiscent of Paris's Arc de Triomphe, features
distinct Laotian elements, such as mythological creatures and deities from
Hinduism and the
Ramayana.
The monument was originally dedicated to Laotian soldiers who died during World
War II and the fight for independence. After the communist Pathet Lao (ປະເທດລາວ)
took over in 1975, it was renamed to honour their victory. The top floor has
five towers, symbolizing coexistence and the Buddhist principles. The monument
features gateways in four cardinal directions, petals ay the base that represent
a lotus, and statues of
nagaraat. Patuxai was constructed
with American funds intended for a new airport, earning it the nickname
‘vertical runway’.
See also TRAVEL PICTURES,
POSTAGE STAMPS, and
WATCH VIDEO.
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Paung Daw Oo Buddhas
See
Hpaung Daw U Buddhas.
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pawpaw
A nickname for
papaya.
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peach
The well-known round juicy fruit with downy
yellowish and pink skin, which is in
China regarded as a symbol of longevity.
The peach tree tends to flower quite early in spring, producing
pinkish flowers, which are abundantly spread over its branches (fig.).
Peach blossoms are considered so pretty that they frequently occur
as a subject in Chinese paintings and art. See
Peach of Immortality.
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Peach of Immortality
In
China, the
peach (fig.) is a symbol of longevity.
Xi Wangmu
(fig.), Queen Mother of the West and mother
of the
Jade Emperor, has a magical tree that bears
peaches of immortality. Whoever eats from them will attain everlasting life.
READ ON.
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peacock
Common name for a kind of large,
pheasant-like bird, of which males have bright and colourful feathers.
READ ON.
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Peacock Pansy
Common name
for a nymphalid butterfly found in South and Southeast Asia,
and with the scientific name Junonia almana. On the
upperside, its wings are rich
orange-yellow, with buff outer margins. On the upper margin of the forewings
there are short perpendicular bars, with lateral jet-black marginal lines. Both
the fore- and hindwings have large ocelli, the ones on the forewings brownish and white-centred, with an outer black-buff ring, the ones on the hindwings dark
orange, with a black-white outer ring and a white centre as well as a larger,
off-centre black spot. On the underside, the wings are ochreous brown, with the same pattern as
above, but much paler. The antennae are dark brown with brownish-orange tips,
whereas the head is orange-brown, and the thorax and abdomen are blackish, with orange-brown
furry colouring. In
Thai, this species is known as
phi seua
phaensih
mayura
(ผีเสื้อแพนซีมยุรา).
See also WILDLIFE PICTURES.
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pea eggplant
See
makheua phuang.
回
peanut plant
See
thua lisong.
回
Peanut Worm
Common name for a species of unsegmented
marine worm, with the scientific designation Sipunculus nudus.
READ ON.
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pearl
See
khai muk.
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pedah (पेड़ा)
A kind of spiced biscuit from India, made from sweetened
khoa (fig.)
with flavourings, such as
saffron and
cardamom (fig.),
and formed into balls or thick disc-like chunks. This sweet is originally from
of
Uttara Phrathet,
i.e. Uttar Pradesh. Also transcribed peda and pedha.
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Ped Bluesman
Ped Bluesman, a rising blues guitarist and
singer from
Hua Hin,
who usually performs in venues across
Bangkok
and with his band called Ped's Band (formerly known as Hoochie Coochie Band)
mostly covers songs of famous blues artists, such as BB King, Stevie Ray
Vaughan, Buddy Guy, the Allman Brothers Band, Muddy Waters, etc.
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Pegu
(ပဲခူး)
State
and Kingdom
of the
Mon before annexation by
Burma.
READ ON.
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Pegu Medaw (ပဲခူးမယ်တော်)
Burmese.
‘Royal Mother
Pegu’.
Name of a
nat,
whom previously was a female
buffalo,
who is said to have raised a prince who got lost in the wilderness.
READ ON.
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Peking Opera
A form of traditional Chinese theatre, that
surfaced at the end of the 18th century AD.
READ ON.
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Penan
Name of an indigenous people of
Borneo, and their language.
READ ON.
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Penang Diocesan Museum
Name of a museum located at the
Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Penang, Malaysia, which preserves the rich
history of the Catholic Church in the region. It highlights the church's growth
since the arrival of Portuguese and French missionaries in the 18th century and
its role in shaping the community, especially after Penang became a British
colony in 1786. Established in 1955, the Diocese of Penang marks a key milestone
in this history. The museum features religious artifacts, manuscripts, and
historical documents that illustrate the church's contributions to education,
healthcare, and social services, while also exploring how Catholicism integrated
with local cultures.
WATCH VIDEO.
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peng (เป้ง)
Thai for
opium weight.
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Penh
(ពេញ)
Khmer.
Name of a wealthy lady, who is
associated with the name of the
Cambodian
capital
Phnom Penh, as she
had a temple built on a 27 meter tall hill,
called
phnom in
Khmer,
in order to house a piece of wood from a candlenut tree which she in 1372 AD had found
floating in the Tonlé Sap River (fig.)
and that contained images of four
buddha's,
as well as an image of
Vishnu. The compound name of this venerated height,
located in the present capital, and of the lady who built the temple on its
summit was in 1434 AD chosen to be the name for the city when it was founded.
Today the lady Penh
has a personal shrine (map
-
fig.)
at this temple, which is known as
Wat Phnom (map
-
fig.),
as well as a bronze statue adjacent to the temple's compound.
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penjing (盆景)
Chinese. ‘Miniature landscape’. Chinese term for the art of tray scenery, the growing of
miniature trees in trays (fig.), usually better known by its Japanese name
bonsai
(fig.).
In Thai, it is known as
khao mo, i.e. a form of a miniature garden
arrangement with rocks and stones in potted plants. See also
topiary
(fig.).
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Pennywort
See
Asiatic Pennywort.
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Pensajuba
(ပဉ္စရူပ)
Burmese. Name of a composite animal from
Burmese mythology.
READ ON.
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Peony
Generic name
for plants in the genus Paeonia.
READ ON.
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pepper tree
See
prik thai.
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persimmon
A fruit from
China with the scientific name Diospyros kaki.
READ
ON.
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pet daeng (เป็ดแดง)
Thai. ‘Red
duck’. Name for the
Lesser Whistling Duck.
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petrified wood
Name for a
rare form of fossilization in which wood or an entire tree has been turned
completely into stone, due to an underground process known as petrifaction, in
which all the organic materials are being replaced with minerals (i.e.
permineralization), whilst the original structure of the wood is being retained.
A collection of this kind of fossilized wood can be observed at the
Northeastern Museum of Petrified Wood and Mineral
Resources, located in the
Isaan province of
Nakhon Ratchasima. In Thai petrified wood is known as saak deuk dam ban mai
klai pen hin (ซากดึกดำบรรพ์ไม้กลายเป็นหิน) or simply mai klai pen hin (ไม้กลายเป็นหิน).
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Peung Thao Kong (ปึงเถ่ากง)
Thai-Chinese
name of a
Tae Chew
deity who is also known as
Pae Kong (fig.).
Places where he is worshipped are known as
Sahn Peung Thao Kong
(fig.),
and he is worshipped as the protection god for places,
locations and dwellings, especially with regards to a neighbourhood, a community or a village,
whereas to protect and maintain the place of residence concerning
ones land, home or house, the deity to be worshipped is
Di Zhuia
(fig.),
i.e. the Tae Chew equivalent of the Thai
chao thih,
the animist guardian spirit of the land, in Chinese referred
to as
Tu Di Gong
and in Vietnamese known as
Tho Cong
(fig.).
A small altar dedicated to
Di Zhuia
may also be found in the Sahn Peung Thao Kong.
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pewter
Name of a versatile metal alloy
primarily composed of
tin
along with elements like antimony, copper, bismuth, and occasionally
silver,
which has been utilized for centuries across various applications. Its
composition enhances properties such as strength, malleability, and appearance.
Recognized for its malleability, pewter can be intricately shaped and crafted,
historically employed in the creation of household items, decorative objects,
and jewelry. Although other materials have replaced it for functional purposes,
pewter persists in artisanal crafts and decorative arts due to its distinctive
aesthetic and traditional charm.
Malaysia
is renowned for its pewter industry, with notable companies like Royal Selangor
leading the field. Pewter crafting in Malaysia dates back to the colonial era
when British settlers introduced the craft. Today, Malaysian pewter artisans
blend traditional techniques with modern designs, creating a range of products
such as tableware, decorative items, and souvenirs. Royal Selangor, established
in 1885, is particularly famous for its high-quality pewter products, which are
sought after both domestically and internationally.
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phaak (พาก)
Northern Thai term for
tawak.
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phaan (พาน)
1. Thai. A
usually golden or
silver tray, cup, or bowl (khan)
with a base or pedestal. It is often
lotus-shaped and used as a platter,
especially for presenting gifts to royalty or monks, or to donate offerings to a
temple.
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2. Thai.
Name of a
Phraya,
who was governor of
Nakhon
Sri Wichai,
i.e.
presentday Nakhon Chai Sri
(นครชัยศรี)
district in
Nakhon Pathom,
and whom ordered the capture of a clever wild
elephant
with a nice character, which he wanted to make into his
war elephant. Initially
it could avoid being caught, but due to the
ingenuity of three hunters, known as
Saam Phraan,
who dug a large pit on the path that the wild elephant regularly traveled on, it
was eventually captured.
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phaang pha theed (ผางผะทีด)
Thai. Northern
dialect. Earthen oil lamp in northern Thai style. Its appearance differs
according to the craftsmanship of the maker and age, and some are reminiscent of
the
dipa used in
India (fig.). It is used to enlighten the
environment as well as an offering, similar to a lantern
or censer, by lighting it and place it decoratively in a temple or at any place
of worship during important religious holidays or festivals. Besides this it is
also used in daily life as replacement for an ordinary lamp, to illuminate
darkness during the night. To kindle a phaang pha theed, a coiled-up, cotton
cord is placed in the base of the lamp, as a wick, and
lubricated with
coconut oil, sesame oil,
groundnut oil or tallow. Sometimes called or
transcribed phaang pha teed, phaang pra theeb, phaang pra theet, phaang pha theet,
phaang pha teeb or phaang pra theep.
See also POSTAGE STAMP.
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phaap sih sathon saeng bon phah kammayih
(ภาพสีสะท้อนแสงบนผ้ากำมะหยี่)
Thai. Name for
a style of painting, using fluorescent paint on black velvet, usually with a
mixture of bright green, orange, yellow and blue, though sometimes only one
colour is used. It is typically sold as souvenirs on street markets and classic
themes include picturesque landscapes, Thai village life, and elephants, and to
a lesser extend also figures from Thai or oriental mythology. These kind of
paintings are surely not for everyone's taste, though they are regularly found
in local style pubs and restaurants, usually under a black light (UV light) to
intensify the fluorescent effects of the paint.
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phab
phiab (พับเพียบ)
Thai. ‘To fold full-fledged’. Term for a
pose in which one sits in a traditional Thai style, typically on the floor, with
the legs folded back to one side, the feet pointing backwards, a pose often seen
in Buddhist temples, where it is considered highly ill-mannered to point the
feet, the lowest and thus considered the least respectful part of the body,
towards the principal
Buddha image.
While seated on the floor in
Buddhist
temples, ones feet should therefore always
point away from the main Buddha image. The position is a variant of another sitting pose known as
phanaeng choeng, which means ‘to sit cross-legged’ and which is
typically used when seated in
meditation
(fig.).
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Pha Daeng Nang Ai (ผาแดง นางไอ่)
Name of an epic folktale from
Isaan,
though thought to have originated in neighbouring
Laos.
READ ON.
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Phad Jahmon (พัดจามร)
Thai. ‘Fly-whisk Fan’. Name of a kind of
kreuang khwaen,
i.e. net or frame-like, stringed
flower arrangements, that are used as a decoration to suspend at windows,
doorways, gables, etc. This
specific type is knitted in the form of a traditional fan that itself is shaped
as a closed
lotus bud. Though
its bases is made with
jasmine
buds (fig.)
and
white
dok rak
(fig.),
for the remainder it typically uses flowers with bright colours.
This type of flower
decoration is depicted on a Thai postage stamp issued in 2005 (fig.).
It is also referred to as
Phad Thai (พัดไทย),
i.e.
‘Thai Fan’, not to be
confused with the dish
phad thai
(ผัดไทย), which is spelled with pho
pheung
(ผ),
instead of with
pho
phaan
(พ).
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phad thai (ผัดไทย)
Thai. Name of a popular dish made from flat
rice
noodles
stirred in a
wok (phad) with other
ingredients. To begin with the wok is heated up adding cooking oil, an egg that
needs to be scrambled with a fork and some chicken broth to soften the noodles
which are put in next. Then
soybeans
are added, followed by dried shrimps,
slivers of carrot, green shallots leaves, ground peanuts,
tamarind sauce, small cubes of fried
tofu
and some
ginger.
The dish is usually served with a whole fresh shallot and a slice of a
banana plant's flower bud
(fig.).
See also
POSTAGE STAMP.
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phad phrik thai dam (ผัดพริกไทยดำ)
Thai. Name of a dish with chunks of meet,
chicken or fish,
stir fried in a
wok (phad),
with black (dam) pepper (phrik thai),
fish sauce,
oyster sauce, and some other ingredients, typically also including sliced onion
and bell peppers, and served over
rice.
According to the choice of meet used, it is referred to by first mentioning the
name of the meet, e.g.
moo
phad phrik thai dam when
pork
is used,
pla
phad phrik thai dam if
fish
is used, etc.
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phae
(แพะ)
Thai for ‘goat’, while a ‘sheep’
is called
kae. The goat, or alternatively the sheep (fig.),
is the eight animal sign of the
Chinese zodiac (fig.).
People born in the Year of the Goat
are said to be pretty calm individuals and nurturers, that enjoy taking care of
other people. The goat
features on many a Thai postage stamp,
including the
Songkraan Day
Postage Stamp, issued in 1991 (fig.),
and
the Zodiac Year of the Goat
Postage Stamp, issued in 2003 (fig.).
In
Vietnam, the
Arahat
Khan Mon La Han,
one of the
Eighteen Arahats
(fig.),
who is otherwise known as
Chudapanthaka
(fig.),
may be depicted
riding a
goat (fig.).
See also
TRAVEL PICTURES.
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Phae Meuang Phi (แพะเมืองผี)
Thai. ‘Ghost
Land Grove’, sometimes translated as ‘Mysterious Land Grove’. Name of a 167
rai or
66 acres forest park, in Thai called
wanna uthayaan, located in
Phrae province.
The area consists of cliffs and columns, formed by subsidence and erosion of the
soil, leaving the crust of harder cements in stunning shapes, some resembling
giant mushrooms. According to legend, in the past no human nor animal dared to
pass through the area, as it was considered a land of ghosts (phi).
Though, one day a villager did pass by and discovered this natural treasure and
in 1981 the area was declared a national park. Today, the park features a
walking trail and several viewpoints (fig.).
Phae Meuang Phi is somewhat similar to the
Lalu soil
formations in
Sa Kaeo
(fig.).
See MAP.
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phaen duang (แผ่นดวง)
Thai. ‘Astrological sheet’. Name for a small gold coloured metal sheet with
astrological
yan signs
distributed at temples or at certain ceremonies and intended to enhance good
fortune. One has to write ones name and date of birth on it (using a metal pin
or nail) and then
deposit it in a large box in the temple. Afterward they are melted and the cast into a
Buddha image,
thus allowing everyone to contribute in the
making of a new Buddha image. Also known as phaen duang yan maha
pohkkasap, what translates as ‘astrological yan sheet for
great wealth’ and if without the astrological signs
also referred to as
phaen thong kham.
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phaen kra-yo (แผ่นกระยอ)
Thai. ‘Kra-yo
sheet’. Name for
rice wrappers, very thin sheets of a dough-like pastry,
which are used as wrappers for fresh
spring rolls, known in Thai as
popiya sod (fig.)
or popiya
Vietnam. The sheets are created by daubing the liquid mixture onto a
piece of linen cloth, which is stretched over a steaming kettle filled with
boiling water and covered off by a coin-shaped lid, allowing the dough to become
solid without drying out. After this short process, the soft sheets are
carefully taken off with a very thin spatula (fig.)
and sun-dried on large, grid-like frames made from bamboo (fig.).
The sheets are round and thin, and look somewhat like pancakes, though almost
transparent and white in colour.
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phaen thong kham (แผ่นทองคำ)
Thai. ‘Gold
sheet’. Name for a small gold coloured metal sheet
distributed at temples or at certain ceremonies and intended to enhance good
fortune. One has to write ones name and date of birth on it (using a metal pin
or nail) and then
deposit it in a large box in the temple. Sometimes the
metal sheets have the shape of the leaves of a
bodhi tree
(fig.)
and are symbolically hung on a imitation tree at the temple. Afterward they are melted and the cast into
the image of an idol or a
Buddha image,
thus allowing everyone to contribute in its making as a form of
tamboon.
See also
phaen duang.
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phaet sawan (แพทย์สวรรค์)
Thai.
‘Physician
of heaven’.
A designation of
Thanwantari,
one of the
avatars
of
Phra Narai,
who is considered to be a
health deity.
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Pha Fang Daeng (¼Ò½Ñè§á´§)
Thai.
‘Red Cliffs’.
Name of reddish-brown cliffs and rock formations situated
along the coast in
the southernmost extremities of
Prachuap Khirikhan
Province,
on the western seashore of the
Gulf of Thailand.
It has a beach which is only accessible during low tide. Located just off the
coast and visible from the beach is
Koh Thalu
(fig.), a small island with an
arched rock formation and a beautiful seabed rich in corals and colourful fish.
WATCH VIDEO
and
VIDEO (E).
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phah pah (ผ้าป่า)
Thai.
The robes offered to monks during a
thod phah pah ceremony.
See also
phum phah pah.
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phah thung (ผ้าถุง)
Thai. A simple
sarong-like skirt somewhat like a tube skirt.
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Phahurat Manihmai (พาหุรัดมณีมัย)
Thai. The first daughter (fig.) of King
Chulalongkorn
with his consort Queen
Saowapha
Phongsri. She was born on 19 December
1878, at
Phra Rachawang
in
Bangkok, but with poor health throughout her childhood, the princess died at
the untimely age of eight, on 27 August 1887. She is
portrayed on one of a rare set of unmarked
postage stamps of the Royal Family issued in circa 1893 (fig.).
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phai (ไผ่)
Thai name for
bamboo. Also
mai phai.
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phailin (ä¾ÅÔ¹)
Thai for ‘sapphire‘, a precious
gemstone known for its stunning blue color, although it can occur in various
other colours as well, such as pink, yellow, green, and purple. Sapphires are
valued for their exceptional hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral
hardness, just below diamonds. This durability and their prized captivating
beauty make them ideal for use in jewellery.
See also POSTAGE STAMPS.
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phai
nahm tao (ไผ่น้ำเต้า)
Thai. ‘Calabash
bamboo’. Name for Bambusa ventricosa, a species of
bamboo with bulbous culms (fig.), that won it
the nickname Buddha's Belly Bamboo, referring to the obese Chinese
Smiling Buddha
(fig.),
rather than the historical
Buddha.
This type of bamboo is native to Guangdong province in
China,
but is widely cultivated in subtropical regions around the world for its
ornamental features, for which it is also used in
bonsai.
The Thai designation is also based on the stem's bulbous shape, which is
considered as redolent of a bottle
gourd, called
nahm tao
in Thai. In Vietnamese, it is known as trúc đùi gà (fig.).
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Phainasuriyawong (ä¾¹ÒÊØÃÔÂǧÈì)
Thai. Another name for
Totsaphin,
the son of
Totsakan (fig.)
and
Nang
Montho.
In the
Ramayana,
his
Sanskrit
name is
Atikaya,
which means ‘Gigantic’.
One suggested translation for the name Phainasuriyawong
is that it might mean ‘the lineage of the sun's destruction’
or ‘the lineage of the sun's end’.
This interpretation could hint that
Atikaya's
gigantic body size
may block out the light of the sun. As the son of
Totsakan, he is
likewise depicted with a green complexion.
See also
LIST OF RAMAKIEN CHARACTERS & NAMES,
and
MORE ON THIS.
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Phairoht Thanomwong (ไพโรจน์ ถนอมวงษ์)
Thai. Name of
the founder of
Ban Hun Lek (fig.),
an art project in which he transforms discarded parts of machines, trucks and
cars into imitations of robot-like figures, both in human and animal-like form,
as well as into futuristic mock vehicles.
See also TRAVEL PICTURES.
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phakah krong (ผกากรอง)
Thai generic name of a
flowering plant, with the botanical name Lantana camara, and found in many
tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. It
produces clusters of small flowers with salver-form
corollas, which vary in colour depending on the subspecies. The existing array
includes the Pink Caprice Lantana, with pink to
lilac and white flowers, each with a yellow core; the Spanish Flag, with red and
yellow flowers (fig.),
like the colours of the national flag of Spain;
Cloth of Gold, with clusters of yellow
flowers (fig.);
Lantana
camara blanca, with white flowers with a yellow centre;
etc.
In the wild, this species is very invasive, but it is also often found as an
ornamental plant in gardens, and its flowers are highly favoured by a variety of
butterflies.
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phak bung (ผักบุ้ง)
Thai for morning glory, swamp cabbage and
water spinach, i.e. a vine-like plant
(fig.), that grows plentifully in usually shallow, standing water, such as ponds, ditches and roadside canals.
READ ON.
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phak bung fai daeng (ผักบุ้งไฟแดง)
Thai. ‘Red fire water spinach’. See
phak bung.
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phak bung farang (ผักบุ้งฝรั่ง)
See
phak bung.
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phak bung loi fah (ผักบุ้งลอยฟ้า)
Thai. ‘Sky-floating water spinach’. The morning glory flying vegetable. See
phak bung.
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phak chih (ผักชี)
Thai for
‘coriander’, an aromatic plant which seeds,
known in Thai as
malet phak chih
(fig.),
are used in cuisine for flavouring.
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phak kahd khao (ผักกาดขาว)
Thai. A
Chinese cabbage, with the scientific name Brassica
rapa subsp. pekinensis, and in English known as napa cabbage or celery cabbage,
yet it is in general simply referred to as Chinese cabbage, although that name
is also used for many other varieties. It is widely used in East Asian cuisine.
The somewhat rutted, elongated leaves, which are light green with white
petioles, sit tightly packed together in the cylindrical head,
with the tip of the leaves growing toward each other. In Mandarin, it is called da bai cai (大白菜), which means
‘large white
vegetable’, a term used to differentiate it from certain types of
phak kwahng tung,
which are called bai cai (白菜) or xiao bai cai
(小白菜), which means ‘white
vegetable’ and ‘small white
vegetable’ respectively.
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phak kahd khao plih (ผักกาดขาวปลี)
Thai. A
Chinese cabbage, similar to
phak kahd khao, but of a darker green colour,
softer and less rutted leaves, that are packed less compact together, and with
the tip of the leaves growing outward, rather than toward each other. Despite
these differences, it also is commonly referred to as napa cabbage and generally
as Chinese cabbage, but has also been given the name Won Bok. It scientific
designation is Brassica rapa, subsp. pekinensis, var. cephalata.
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phak kahd khao kwahng
tung
(ผักกาดขาวกวางตุ้ง)
Thai. A
Chinese cabbage, with the scientific name Brassica chinensis.
It has broad green
leaves
and white petioles or stems, and is also known
as snow cabbage, bok choy (บอกฉ่อย), and in Thai
additionally as phak choy (ผักฉ่อย). There is smaller
version of the same vegetable, which is referred to as Shanghai bok choy, baby
bok choy or mini bok choy, and in Thai also as baby phak choy (เบบี้ผักฉ่อย)
or mini phak choy (มินิผักฉ่อย).
This smaller version is simply less-mature and the stems are pale green. In Mandarin, it is called bai cai (白菜), or xiao bai cai
(小白菜), which means
‘white
vegetable’ and ‘small white
vegetable’ respectively, with the latter term being used to differentiate it
from
phak kahd khao,
which is called da bai cai (大白菜), meaning ‘large
white vegetable’.
See also
phak kwahng tung.
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phak kahd kiyaw kwahng
tung
(ผักกาดเขียวกวางตุ้ง)
Thai. A
Chinese cabbage, with the scientific name Brassica chinensis, with broad green
leaves
and green petioles. In Mandarin, it
is called bai cai (白菜), or xiao bai cai
(小白菜), which means
‘white
vegetable’ and ‘small white
vegetable’ respectively, with the latter term being used to differentiate it
from
phak kahd khao,
which is called da bai cai (大白菜), meaning ‘large
white vegetable’.
See also
phak kwahng tung.
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phak kwahng tung (ผักกวางตุ้ง)
Thai.
‘Guangdong (Kwangtung) vegetable’, usually referred to as Cantonese vegetable.
READ ON.
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phak salad kos (ผักสลัดคอส)
Thai name for
Romaine Lettuce or Cos Lettuce, a kind of lettuce that is tolerant of heat,
which sets it apart from most other
lettuces. It has
the botanical name Lactuca sativa var. longifolia, referring to its long, sturdy
leaves, that sit on thick, firm ribs. In the West, it is best known for its use
as the main ingredient in Caesar salads. In Thailand, it is eaten fresh in
salads, and an ingredient in certain dishes, such as phad phrik kaeng (ผัดพริกแกง),
kaeng jeud (แกงจืด), and phad phak ruam mit (ผัดผักรวมมิตร).
In addition, it is sometimes used as a replacement for
kha-nah, as well as different types of
phak kwahng tung.
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phak siang farang (ผักเสี้ยนฝรั่ง)
Thai. ‘Foreign
thorny plant’. Plant with
spider-shaped, white to pink-purple flowers (fig.), native to southern South America
and with the botanical name Cleome hassleriana. It is
an annual plant that grows to a height of 1,5 meter and has spirally arranged
palmate leaves. The flowers have four petals and six long stamens. In Thailand it is commonly cultivated as an
ornamental plant (fig.).
In English, it is known as Spider Flower and Spider Plant. See also
Spider Lily (fig.).
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phak thod yod (ผักทอดยอด)
Thai. ‘Peak fried vegetable’. An additional name for
phak bung, when stir-fried (thod) over a gas flame turned all the way up to its highest point (yod).
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Pha Lak Pha Lam (ພະລັກພະລາມ)
Laotian. Name of the local adaptation in
Laos
of the Indian epic
Ramayana.
READ ON.
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Pha Lam Sadok (ຊາດົກ)
Laotian. The
‘Chadok
of
Phra Ram’
or the
‘Jataka
of
Rama’.
Name in
Laos
of the local
version of the Indian epic
Ramayana,
i.e. the Laotian counterpart of the Thai
Ramakien,
and also known locally as
Pha Lak Pha Lam.
Pronounced Pha Laam Sadok and sometimes transcribed Pha Lam Xadok.
See also
LIST OF RAMAKIEN CHARACTERS & NAMES.
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Phali (พาลี)
See
Bali.
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phanaeng choeng (แพนงเชิง)
Thai term that
means ‘to sit cross-legged’. The pose is
typically used when seated, usually on the floor, in
meditation
(fig.)
and is thus represented in most sitting
Buddha images (fig.),
a style referred to as
lotus position.
See also
phab phiab and
Wat Phanan Choeng.
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Pha Nahm Tok
(ผาน้ำตก)
Thai. ‘Waterfall
Cliff’.
Name of the third level
in the series of seven falls of the Erawan Waterfall (fig.)
at
Erawan
National Park (fig.)
in
Kanchanaburi
Province.
See MAP.
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phanak phing (พนักพิง)
Thai for a ‘backrest’, the squab of a seat, like those typically used by monks in Buddhist
temples and which are commonly shaped in the form of a
bai sema (fig.).
See also
tammaht and
reua khem.
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Phan But Sri Thep (พันบุตรศรีเทพ)
Thai.
The name and title of a lower palace
official with the duty of guarding the outer image hall. The title is one rank
below that of
Khun Chinnarat.
The title literally translates as ‘thousand children of angels’.
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Phan Dinh Phung (Phan Đình Phùng)
Vietnamese. Name of a revolutionary who led
rebel armies against French colonial forces in
Vietnam in the 19th century.
READ ON.
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phang (พัง)
1. Thai for a female
elephant (fig.). See also
Asian Elephant,
phlaay and
sihdoh.
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2. Thai term meaning ‘to
fail’ or ‘to brake [down]’, ‘to collapse’, or ‘to fall down’.
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Phang Nga (พังงา)
Thai. Name of a river, a provincial capital,
as well as of a province on the west coast of the South Thai peninsula, along
the Andaman Sea.
READ ON.
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phangphon (พังพอน)
Thai for ‘mongoose’.
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phaniad (เพนียด)
Thai.
‘Elephant
kraal’. A stockade or palisade formerly used to round-up wild
elephants
(fig.). It consists of a huge fence of wooden -usually
teak- logs planted in
the ground at an angle to keep the elephants in. There is an elephant kraal
still in existence today, in
Ayutthaya.
Chang
beer, one of the main brands
of beer in Thailand, of which the name means
‘elephant’,
has designed the entrance gates of its breweries in Ayutthaya
and in
Kamphaeng Phet
(fig.) in the form of an
elephant kraal.
See MAP (AYU)
and
MAP (KAM).
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phanom
(พนม)
1. Thai-Khmer.
‘Mountain’. A term
that derives from the Khmer word
phnom and
which in Thailand is often used as part of a name for a temple, sanctuary or sacred place,
typically located on a hill, as in
Prasat Phanom Rung,
as well as in Thai place names, e.g.
Nakhon Phanom and
Wat Phrathat Phanom Woramahawihaan
(fig.).
The
Phasa Isaan
term is
comparable to the general Thai term
khao, the
name
khiri
used in southern Thailand, and the
designation
doi
used in northern Thailand.
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2. Thai. Term for things that have
the shaped or are made to look like of a
phum (fig.)
or
lotus
bud (fig.),
such as raising both hands palm to palm (fig.),
as in the traditional
wai
(fig.).
As such it is also a synonym for
thephanom (fig.)
and
phranommeua (fig.).
WATCH VIDEO.
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phanom
mahk (พนมหมาก)
Thai.
‘Betel mountain’.
Architectural term, used for a cone-shaped decorative element, reminiscent of
the egg or pear-shaped
betel arrangement known as
phum mahk
(fig.), as well as of the tallest container
of a
betel-set
(fig.),
hence the name. They are typically used in pairs and are often found at the
entrance of a sanctuary or at the foot of an altar, etc. They are often, though
not always, made in (or with elements of) a golden or
silver colour and are typically placed on a
phaan,
which in turn may be standing on a cushion. Smaller versions, folded from a
banana-leaf
and topped with a small flower or some other ornament, are referred to as
krathong dokmai
(fig.)
and are typically used to
accompany
toob thian phae
offerings (fig.). See also
phanom and
mahk.
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Phanon
Mareuk (พานรมฤค)
Thai. Mythological animal from the
Ramakien,
living in the
Himaphan forest. It is half
monkey (phanon) and half deer (mareuk),
with the agility of a deer and the power to run faster
than any normal deer, but able to fully utilize its functional
monkey hands for grabbing objects and feeding. It
also has an exceptional sense of hearing and, like most monkeys prefers eating
bananas and
coconuts. In art it is usually depicted
with a greenish complexion. See also
Singh Phanon.
See also
LIST OF RAMAKIEN CHARACTERS & NAMES.
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Phan Reuang (พันเรือง)
Thai. Name of one of the eleven
heroic leaders who in 1767,
at the end of the
Ayutthaya period,
fought the invading Burmese in
defence of the
Bang Rajan
camp in
Singburi.
READ ON.
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Phan Thai Nora Singh
(พันท้ายนรสิงห์)
Name of the
coxswain (phan thai),
who in the
Ayutthaya
Period was in charge of the
navigation of the Ekkachai (เอกชัย)
Royal Barge.
READ ON.
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Phanthumatiraat (¾Ñ¹¸ØÁеÔÃÒª, ¾Ñ¹¸ØÁµÔÃÒª)
Thai. Name of a legendary
king who appears in the northern Thai
legend of
Sih Hoo Hah Tah
(fig.),
a local mythological creature with four ears and five eyes,
that eats
red-hot charcoal,
which it defecates as pure gold. In the local legend of
Chiang Rai,
this ruler gives his royal daughter Simah (สีมา)
in marriage to
Ai Thuk Khata (อ้ายทุกคตะ),
the owner of this gold-producing creature, whom
as his son-in-law
also succeeded Phanthumatiraat after his death. He has a
statue at
Wat Phrathat Doi Khao Kwai Kaew,
a hilltop temple in Chiang Rai
associated with the legend.
This king of mythology is in Thai usually referred to with the royal prefix
phaya or
thao.
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phanuat (ผนวช)
Thai-rajasap.
‘To ordain’, ‘to tonsure’ or ‘enter the Buddhist priesthood’. See also
buat,
buatnaag,
banpacha and
upasombot.
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Phanurangsih Sawaangwong (ภาณุรังษี สว่างวงศ์)
See
Bhanurangsi Savangwongse.
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Phanuraat (ÀÒ¹ØÃÒª)
Thai.
Name of a
demon or
yak
in the
Ramakien, who is depicted
with a green complexion and
a
golden
kabang,
i.e. a
tiara-like headdress.
He is one of the 20
soldier
giants of
Lanka.
When
Phra Phrom
(fig.),
i.e. Rama,
brought his army to Lanka,
Totsakan (fig.)
ordered Phanuraat to create a
forest with abundant fruit outside the Emerald Mountain to lure Rama's forces
into a trap and then overthrow the land, which he named
Chaiyaphum,
i.e. ‘Field of Victory’. Phanuraat arrived at the entrance to Lanka and created
a pleasant forest, with streams of water laced with poison and fruit trees with
intoxicating leaves that smelled sweet. He inserted the earth and used both
hands to push the ground in place, waiting to overturn the earth and bury Rama's
army as ordered by Totsakan. When Rama's army crossed the ocean, Rama asked
Prakhonthan to
find a suitable place for setting up camp.
Prakhonthan saw the forest Phanuraat had
created and suggested it to Rama. Rama, however, asked
Phiphek
(fig.)
for his opinion, and Phiphek noted
that there should be no forests outside the Emerald Mountain. Suspecting a trap,
Rama commanded Prakandhara to take Hanuman to inspect it.
Hanuman
(fig.)
noticed something strange about the
forest; there were many fruits, but no wild animals. He investigated further and
discovered Phanuraat beneath the ground, carrying the earth. Hanuman fought
Phanuraat, ultimately killing him and cutting off his head to present to Rama.
Also transliterated Phanuraj and Bhanuraj.
See also
LIST OF RAMAKIEN CHARACTERS & NAMES.
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Phap Van (Pháp Vân)
Vietnamese. Vietnamese-Buddhist goddess of
the clouds.
READ ON.
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phasa (ภาษา)
Thai
for ‘language’.
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phasa bai (ÀÒÉÒãºé)
Thai
for ‘sign language’, a form of non-verbal communication that uses manual
expression, such as hand shapes, but also facial expressions, and body language,
in order to convey information and express thoughts. It is a means of
communication primarily used by deaf and hearing-impaired individuals, but may
also be used others in different contexts, such as for example military sign
language or international sign language that is generally understood by common
people. While there may be some international signs or gestures used in specific
contexts, sign language is not universal, and different countries and regions
often have their own distinct sign languages. It is also known as
phasa meuh, literally ‘hand language’.
See also POSTAGE STAMPS.
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Phasa Isaan (ภาษาอีสาน)
Thai.
‘Northeastern Thai’. Dialect spoken in
Isaan or Northeast Thailand, a region more or less coinciding with the Korat Plateau covering an area from
Nakhon Ratchasima to the borders of Laos and Cambodia. See also
Phasa Thong Thin. Also called
Phasa Thai-Lao and Phasa Lao.
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Phasa Klahng (ภาษากลาง)
Thai.
‘Central Thai’. The language spoken in Central Thailand as well as the official vernacular used in all other parts of Thailand.
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phasa meuh (ÀÒÉÒÁ×Í)
Thai.
‘Hand language’. Another term used for
phasa bai,
i.e. ‘sign language’.
See also POSTAGE STAMPS.
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Phasa Neua (ภาษาเหนือ)
Thai.
‘Northern Thai’. Dialect spoken in North Thailand, from
Tak
to the borders with Burma and Laos. See also
Phasa Thong Thin. Also
kham meuang and
Phasa Phaak Neua.
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Phasa Pak Tai (ภาษาปักษ์ใต้)
Thai.
‘Southern Thai’. Dialect spoken in South Thailand, from
Chumphon
to the border of Malaysia. See also
Phasa Thong Thin.
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Phasa Phaak Neua (ภาษาภาคเหนือ)
See
phasa neua.
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Phasa Pheun Meuang (ภาษาพื้นเมือง)
Thai.
‘Native language’. A term used for ‘dialects’. See
Phasa Thong Thin.
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Phasa Sanskrit (ภาษาสันสกฤต)
Thai for
Sanskrit.
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Phasa Thai (ภาษาไทย)
The Thai language, Thai.
The official language of Thailand and mother tongue of the Thai people. It
belongs to the Tai group of the Tai-Kadai language family which are thought to
have originated in what is now southern
China and probably linked to the
Austroasiatic, Austronesian or Sino-Tibetan language families. Thai is, like
Chinese, a tonal and analytic language with a complex orthography, relational
markers and a distinctive phonology. Thai linguists recognize four dialects of which Central Thai is considered the official vernacular. The other dialects are Northern Thai, Northeastern Thai, and Southern Thai. See also
Phasa Thong Thin.
MORE ON
THIS.
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Phasa Thong Thin (ภาษาท้องถิ่น)
Thai.
‘Dialect’. In Thailand linguists recognize four dialects of which Central Thai (Phasa Klahng) is considered the official vernacular. The remaining three dialects are Northern Thai (Phasa Neua or
kham meuang), Northeastern Thai (Phasa Isaan), and Southern Thai (Phasa Pak Tai). They are spoken in the areas that more or less coincide with the accepted partition of the country in regions (fig.), with East and West Thailand included with Central Thailand. All dialects belong to the Thai-Kadai language group and are strongly related to Laotian, Northern Thai, and Thai Lu, languages spoken in Laos; Shan and North Thai, spoken in North Myanmar; Nung and Tho, spoken in Northwest
Vietnam; Ahom, spoken in Assam; and Zhuang and Thai Lu, spoken in parts of South
China.
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phasom set (ผสมเสร็จ)
Thai. ‘Mixed
[and] done’ or ‘completely mixed’. Name for the
Asian
Tapir. In short also called
som set, which could be translated as ‘done
well matched’. It is also known by the shortened name somset (สมเสร็จ).
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Phatcharakitiyapha (พัชรกิติยาภา)
Thai.
Daughter of Crown Prince
and
Maha
Vajiralongkorn,
i.e. the
later
King
Rama X,
and Princess
Sohmsawalih, and the first granddaughter of
King
Bhumipon Adunyadet
and Queen
Sirikit Kitthiyagon.
She was born on Thursday 7 December 1978.
She graduated as a Doctor in the Science of Law at Cornell University in the
United States of America, and in 2012, she was commemorated on a Thai postage
stamp in her function as chairperson of the United Nations' 21st session of the
Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (fig.).
Her personal flag consists of an orange field, i.e. the colour that
correspondents with her birthday according to the
sih prajam wan
system,
with the initials Ph. (พ) in orange and Ph. (ภ)
in yellow, bordered with white (fig.).
Her name is often transliterated Bajrakitiyabha.
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Phat Phong (พัฒน์พงษ์)
See
Patpong.
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Phattaya (พัทยา)
See
Pattaya.
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phat taya (พัทธยา)
Thai. The southwest wind. See also
Pattaya.
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Phaulkon
See
Constantine Phaulkon.
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Phawanaphirat (ภาวนาภิรัต)
Thai-Pali.
Name of a 20th century senior with the title
Phra Kruh
and who is also known as
Luang Poo
Thim Isarikoh (ทิม อิสริโก). He was born in
Rayong
on 16 June 1879, in the reign of King
Rama V,
and passed away on 16 October 1975, aged 96. He was the abbot of Wat Lahaanrai (วัดละหารไร่) and is
known for introducing the amulet
Phra Kring
Chinabanchorn (ชินบัญชร).
See also POSTAGE STAMP.
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phaya (พญา)
Thai
for ‘king’ or ‘potentate’. Compare with the Burmese term
Phaya.
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Phaya (ဘုရား)
Burmese
for ‘Buddha’ or ‘Buddha image’, as well as for
‘god’,
‘stupa’ or ‘pagoda’. The
term can also be used as a respectful way to address monks, royalty,
or deity. Hence, the word is similar
in use to the Thai word
Phra
and is likely linguistically related to the Thai word
phaya.
However, though here the spelling phaya is used, it is often transliterated
bhurarr, whereas its pronunciation sounds rather like bhuya or phuya. Note that
in the official transliteration system an end -r is added to indicate a long
sound and that the Burmese letter for -r is also used for an -y, as in
yaksha
which is also known as raksha.
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Phayak Kraison (พยัคฆ์ไกรสร)
Thai-Pali name
of a mythological creature from
Himaphan forest, that
has the body of a
lion
and the head, and often the stripes, of a Bengal
tiger.
Sometimes transcribed Payak Kraisorn.
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Phayakon (¾Âҡóì)
Thai.
‘Forecast’ or ‘prophecy’. Name of an
asura
or demon in the
Ramakien,
usually referred to as Asura Phayakon and
depicted with a green complexion
and wearing a golden
crown with a bulbous tip.
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phaya krarok dam (พญากระรอกดำ)
Thai.
‘Black squirrel king’. Name for the
Black
Giant Squirrel.
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phayanaag (พญานาค)
Thai.
‘King of
snakes’
or ‘snake
king’,
or literally
‘naga-king’,
i.e. a mythological figure represented as half-human half-serpent,
as according to legend he can transform into a human during waxing moon and
transform back into a serpent on the waning moon, and believed to be a form of
Indra. Also referred to as
phayanagaraat, i.e. ‘royal king of
snakes’
(fig.). See also
Nakarin,
Kham Chanoht,
phaya and
naag.
See also TRAVEL PICTURE.
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phayanagaraat (พญานาคราช)
Thai.
‘Royal king of
snakes’
or ‘royal
snake king’,
or literally
‘royal
naga-king’,
i.e. a mythological figure often represented as half-human half-serpent,
and believed to be a form of
Indra.
Also referred to as
phayanaag,
i.e. ‘king of
snakes’
(fig.).
He is often depicted with a goatee and his
attributes
can be a number of things, including a
vajra;
a green gemstone, referring to his role as guardian of minerals and gems; a
sword; and a
conch.
See also
Nakarin,
Kham Chanoht,
phaya,
naag, and
raat,
as well as
phet phayanaag.
See also TRAVEL PICTURE.
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Phayao (พะเยา)
Thai.
Name of a Thai province (map)
and its capital city, situated in Northern Thailand.
READ ON.
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Phayap (พายัพ)
The Northwest of Thailand. Generally understood to be the West of North Thailand (the province of
Mae Hong Son), rather than the North of West Thailand (the province of
Kanchanaburi). It is the direction of the compass guarded by the
lokapala
Vayu. See also
Udon,
Isaan,
Taksin,
Ahkney,
Horadih,
Prajim and
Burapah.
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Phaya Purisat (¾Ò»ØÃÔÊÒ·)
Thai. Name a
mythological creature in Thai lore, depicted as a half-lion,
half-giant-angel or half-yak-and-thep.
It
is similar to
Manuthiha
(fig.),
a mythological, sphinx-like
creature, with a body that is half-man and half-lion
commonly found in
Myanmar, but ─being
an celestial being─ Phaya Purisat typically also has wings.
Phaya Purisat serves as the protector of wealth and is the attendant and right
hand of
Thao
Wetsuwan
(fig.),
the guardian of the northern direction (fig.). Phaya Purisat is entrusted with holding
the key to the treasure and overseeing the old accounts of merit and virtue of
beings. As the keeper of the treasure and the overseer of the records of merit
and virtue of all beings, Phaya Purisat is responsible for maintaining balance
and justice. He also captures and consumes ghosts and evil spirits that are not
under his command, using them as sustenance. In ancient times, the worship of
Thao Wetsuwan and Phaya Purisat often went hand in hand. It is believed that
those who venerate Phaya Purisat will be granted immense power, particularly
effective against ghosts, evil spirits, and as protection against black magic,
curses, nightmares, and other malevolent forces. Also transliterated Phaya
Purisaat.
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Phaya Ruang (พญาร่วง)
Thai. Name often used
for King
Ramkhamhaeng,
besides
Phra Ruang.
Also transliterated Phaya Ruwang
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Phaya Sri Mukda Mahamuni Nihl Palanakaraat
(พญาศรีมุกดามหามุนีนีลปาลนาคราช)
Thai. ‘Mukda[han]'s
Green Royal
Mahamuni-protecting
Nagaraat’.
Name of a
giant statue of
a 120 meter
long
naga
or
phayanagaraat,
located on Mount Manorom (มโนรมย์),
a hilltop in
Mukdahan
and home to
the Buddhist temple
Wat Roi Phraphutthabaht Phu Manorom
(fig.).
See also TRAVEL PICTURES
(1),
(2),
(3)
and
(4),
and
WATCH VDO.
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Phayathai (พญาไท)
1. Thai. Name of a
khet
in
Bangkok. Also spelled Phaya Thai and
Phyathai.
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2. Thai. Name of a former
palace,
located in
Bangkok, which was built in 1909 by
King
Chulalongkorn, in order to do some
farming and to organize the
Royal Ploughing Ceremony. After his
death in 1910, it served as a
residence for Queen Saowapha, his
consort and the mother of King
Rama VI.
The complex
consists of several buildings and halls, including Phimaan
Chakri
(พิมานจักรี), Sri Sut Niwaht
(ศรีสุทธนิวาส), Udom Wanaphon (อุดมวนาภรณ์), the
separate Thewarat Sapharom hall (เทวราชสภารมย์), etc.
Today, the complex belongs to the
Ministry of Defence and is part of the military Phra
Mongkutklao Hospital, which is named after the
sixth monarch from the Chakri Dynasty. Also spelled Phyathai and Phaya Thai.
See MAP.
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Phaya Thani (พญาตานี)
Thai.
Name of a cannon with a length of 3
wah (6 meters) which stands in front of the Thai
Ministry of Defence in
Bangkok.
This large cannon was
confiscated by royal troops after the 1785 rebellion of
Pattani
against
Rattanakosin, and offered to
King
Rama I.
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Phaya Thonzu (ဘုရားသုံးဆူ)
Burmese.
‘Three Deities’
or
‘Three
Pagodas’,
and sometimes translated as
‘Temple of
Three
Buddhas’.
Name of a Buddhist temple in
Bagan.
READ ON.
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Phayathoot (¾Ò·Ùɳì)
Thai.
Name of the fifth son of
Thao Lastian (ลัสเตียน) with
Nang
Ratchada (รัชฎา),
and thus the half-brother of
Totsakan (fig.).
He was the first king of
Meuang
Jareuk and played a significant role when his
younger sister, Nang
Sammanakkha (fig.),
sought his help to kill
Phra Ram
(fig.).
However, Phayathoot ultimately met his end at the hands of Phra Ram, killed by
his
Phrommat
arrow. Sometimes
transliterated at Phaya Tut.
See also
LIST OF RAMAKIEN CHARACTERS & NAMES.
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pha-yoon (พะยูน)
Thai term for ‘dugong’.
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Phayre's Langur
See
Phayre's Leaf Monkey.
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Phayre's Leaf Monkey
Common name
for a species of Leaf Monkey with the scientific name Trachypithecus phayrei and
found in South, East and Southeast Asia, including India, Bangladesh,
Myanmar,
China,
Thailand,
Laos and
Vietnam. Also called Presbytis phayrei and Phayre's
Langur, named after and commemorating Sir Arthur Phayre, a naturalist and the
first Commissioner of British
Burma. They have grey fur, a dark face
with white circles around the eyes and white skin at the mouth, and a long tail.
It is similar to the
Dusky Leaf Monkey (fig.), but
has a lighter fur. Like other Leaf Monkeys, Phayre's Leaf Monkeys are herbivorous, feeding
primarily on leaves, fruits and buds, and hence spend most of their lives in the
canopy of trees. In Thai it is called
kaang waen thin neua. See also
Grey Langur (fig.),
i.e. a species of Leaf Monkey previously considered a subspecies of the Phayre's
Langur.
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Phayu (ผายู)
Thai. Name of the seventh King of
Lan Na,
who reigned between 1337 and 1355 AD.
READ ON.
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phayu
(พายุ)
Thai for ‘storm’, a word that derives from
Vayu (fig.),
the name of the Vedic god of the wind and air. See also
phayuhayahtrah and
nahm thuam.
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phayuhayahtrah (พยุหยาตรา)
Thai-rajasap
term that derives from Pali and means ‘to march or move in force’, and of a king
‘to proceed in state’ or ‘to move [an army]’.
The term is used in the
Royal Barge Procession,
for one. See also
phayu.
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Pheasant-tailed Jacana
Common name
for a wader, with the scientific designation Hydrophasianus chirurgus. Both
sexes are similar, but with a body size of up to 31 centimeter females are
larger than males, which grow up to around 27 centimeter. In the breeding season
its body is blackish-brown, with white head and foreneck, and a yellowish-buff
hindneck. In the middle of the neck, along both sides, runs a black line that
divides the colours of the fore and hindneck, and which converge on top of the
crown. The short wings are mostly white, and it has a long, blackish tail. The
non-breeding plumage, this bird has a white body with dark brown upperparts. The
long, blackish tail has disappeared and the black line that runs along both
sides of the neck has expanded in width and length, and instead of converging on
top of the crown, it now leads to a black eyestripe above, whereas below it now
converges, creating a black breastband. The crown is black, the hindneck is a
darker yellowish-buff and now extends into a supercilium. The head underneath
the black eyestripe, as well as the foreneck are white. Like many waders, it has
long legs, toes, and nails, allowing this bird to walk on floating water
foliage. They are good swimmers and divers. Their favorite foods are insects,
small water animals and water plants. They can be found in swamps or lakes in
most parts of the Thailand, except in the West. In Thai, the Pheasant-tailed
Jacana is called nok ih-jaew (นกอีแจว). In 1997, this bird was depicted on the
first stamp of a set of four Thai postage stamps featuring waterfowl (fig.).
See also
VIDEO,
WILDLIFE PICTURES (1) and
(2),
and
TRAVEL PHOTOS.
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pheh-kah (เพกา)
Thai name for
the
Indian Trumpet Tree.
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phen (เพล)
Thai for the
hour between eleven and twelve in the morning, when Buddhist monks and novices
have their last meal of the day.
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pherie (เภรี)
Thai. A kind of drum, more specifically a war drum.
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phet (เพชร)
Thai for ‘diamond’. It often appears as a
prefix to names and compound word, and besides its literal meaning it is also
quite often used figuratively to symbolize strength or richness, or as a synonym
of
wichian, and thus in turn
as another description for
wachira
(fig.),
the sceptre and ancient royal symbol
of power, absolute truth and indestructibility,
which in Sanskrit called
vajra
(fig.).
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Phetburi (เพชรบุรี)
Another pronunciation for
Phetchaburi.
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Phetchabun (เพชรบูรณ์)
Thai.
‘Full Diamond’. Province (map)
and its capital city of the same name in North Thailand.
READ ON.
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Phetchaburi (เพชรบุรี)
Thai. Capital city of the
jangwat Phetchaburi,
as well as a province (map) of the same name,
located on the Gulf of Thailand.
READ ON.
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Phetcharatana Rachasuda (เพชรรัตนราชสุดา)
Thai. Name
of the daughter and only child of King
Rama VI.
READ ON.
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phet phayanaag (เพชรพญานาค)
Thai.
‘Naga-gems’.
Name of colourful gemstones that have very little worth in gemology, but in
Thailand have value as a sacred object, and are named for the
phayanaag (fig.)
or
phayanagaraat (fig.),
who —as
the
king of
snakes
or
naga-king—
is considered the
guardian of minerals and gems. They are also sometimes referred to as naga eyes
and power stones. These gems are found inside stones that are known as
hin sila kohn (fig.)
and which are allegedly found in many river beds and in caves along the
Mekhong
River area. These stones or small rocks need to be
crushed and opened with a hammer in order to get to the semi-translucent prolate
rounded naga-gem which can be of any colour and sits loosely in a cavity in the
stone's core and clatters when shaken. They are believed to be sacred, to posses
mystical powers, and are said to protect their carrier from any peril of water.
They come in a variety of colours and the more rare are the amber, black, green
and blue ones, which may cost up to a tenfold the price of stones in another
colour. The translucent amber stones are alleged to occur naturally and can be
found along the banks of the
Mekhong
River in the area of
Mukdahan.
When jewelers put the naga-gems to the test by probing them with the
thermoelectric probe tip of a professional gemstone tester, the results on the
indicator are the same as they would be if one would be testing glass or plastic.
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pheuak (เผือก)
1. Thai for the taro plant, a tropical plant
native to Southeast Asia and thought to have originated in the Indo-Malayan
region. It belongs to the Araceae family, which members are in Thai
generally referred to as known bon.
It has a tuberous root, which is used as a vegetable and a ingredient in other food,
e.g. as an ice cream flavor, for one. There are several species, but the most
common cultivated species is known by the botanical name Colocasia esculenta,
and also has several varieties.
Its bulbous root with a brownish pink colour is reminiscent of a
White Elephant,
which in Thai is accordingly called
Chang Pheuak (fig.).
Above the ground, the taro plant has a strong stem with a single green, rather
large, heart-shaped leaf, which like the leaf of the
lotus plant,
repels water. Its surface is covered with tiny, microscopic structures, that
hold aloft any droplets of water that fall onto it, keeping the surface almost
entirely dry, yet carrying away all the dust and bacteria. These leaves are in
fact self-cleaning and its surface structure has been imitated in certain
technical applications. In horizontal growing leaves, up to 2 percent of the
water that falls on the surface may remain there and are drawn together. The
stagnant drops of rainwater that gather on the leaves are a convenient drinking
source for birds and insects (fig.).
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2. Thai term
used for albinism, especially used with albino animals, as in
chang pheuak,
kwai
pheuak,
ngu hao pheuak,
Thai names for a
White Elephant (fig.),
albino water
buffalo and an albino
Monocellate
Cobra
(fig.),
respectively.
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3.
Thai term used for leucism, a condition at first
sight similar to and often confused with albinism, but which is characterized by
reduced pigmentation (fig.).
The main difference is that albinos typically have red eyes, due to the
underlying blood vessels showing through, whereas leucistic animals have
normally coloured eyes. The condition can also be
partial and is as such referred to by the term pied, i.e.
‘particoloured’, which in
animals is often black and white, e.g.
Pied Imperial-pigeon (fig.).
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pheun baan (¾×鹺éÒ¹)
Thai term
for
‘local’
or
‘traditional’.
It refers to something that is indigenous, native, or characteristic of a
particular area or community, often emphasizing traditional practices, customs,
or elements that are rooted in local culture. Also transliterated phuen ban.
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pheung (ผึ้ง)
Thai for
‘bee’.
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phi (ผี)
Thai
for ‘ghost’, ‘spirit’, ‘spook’, ‘devil’, ‘jinn’, ‘genie’, ‘demon’ and
‘apparition’.
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Phian Akkadhammo (เพี้ยน อัคคธัมโม)
Thai. Name of a
revered monk and cleric teacher
with the title of
Luang Pho.
Born in 1926, he was ordained on 4 August 1976 at the age of 41, and passed away
on 16 November 2017, aged 91. He was
a former abbot of
Wat Kreun Kathin in
Lopburi.
On
5 December 2005, on the occasion of the Birthday Anniversary of King
Bhumipon Adunyadet,
Luang Pho Phian was conferred the
name and honorary title of
Phra Kruh
Wimon Samanawat
and received
the
certificate of appreciation that comes with it on 17 December 2005, at
Wat Rai Khing (วัดไร่ขิง) in
Nakhon Pathom.
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Phiang Din (à¾Õ§´Ô¹)
Thai.
‘Only Soil’ or ‘Just Earth’. Name of a small yet picturesque
waterfall in
Loei province,
in the vicinity of
Suan Hin Pha Ngam
(fig.).
WATCH VIDEO.
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Phi Boong Tao (ผีบุ้งเต้า)
Thai. ‘Ghostly gourd mask’. Name of a mask made from a
calabash.
READ ON.
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Phibun Songkram (พิบูล สงคราม)
Field Marshall and Prime Minister during WW II.
READ ON.
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Phichai Dahb Hak (พิชัยดาบหัก)
Thai. ‘Victory
with a broken sword’ or ‘victory by slashing swords’. Nickname of a local hero
from
Uttaradit. Born in 1741 AD at Ban Huay Kha and
named simply Joy (จ้อย), he later in life was renamed Thong Dih (ทองดี) and
became
Phraya,
a military leader and influential partner of Phraya Tak, the later king
Taksin.
In 1773 AD, Posupala (Bo Supia), the Burmese Commander-in-Chief, led his troops
from
Vientiane
to capture Phichai, a local city South of Uttaradit. Consequently,
Chao Phraya Surasih (สุรสีห์)
and
Phraya Thong Dih
led the Siamese troops to defend the city against the enemy. In the courageous
hand-to-hand fight that followed at Wat Aka, Phraya Thong Dih used dual swords
as his weapons, and is said to have fought the enemy by slashing the two swords
so hard, that one of them actually broke (fig.).
In spite of this, he kept fighting vigorously, until he and his men drove the
enemy away and succeeded in averting the Burmese invasion. Following the event,
he was honoured with the name Phichai Dahb Hak, after the broken sword and the
city he had defended. His statue and
a small memorial museum in front of Uttaradit's Provincial Hall commemorate this
local hero (map
-
fig.).
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Phichaiyaht (พิไชยญาติ)
Thai. Name of a
Chao Phraya
who was a member of the influential
Bunnag family and who
served under several
Chakri
kings, from
Rama I
to
Rama IV.
READ ON.
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Phichit (พิจิตร)
Thai.
‘Beautiful city’.
Name of a
jangwat, i.e. a Thai
province and its provincial capital city (map) of the same name in North Thailand, situated 344 kilometeres to the North of
Bangkok.
READ ON.
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Phichitmaan (พิชิตมาร)
Thai.
‘Conqueror of
Mara’ or
‘conqueror of demons’. A name for the
Buddha.
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Phikhanesawora
See
Phra Phikhanesawora.
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phikun (พิกุล)
Thai name for the
Star Flower Tree.
回
Philatelic Museum
Museum on the 2nd floor of
Bangkok's northern Metropolitan Postal Bureau, in Saphan Kwai district.
READ ON.
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Philippine Violet
Common name
for a perennial shrubbery plant, with the botanical name Barleria lupulina.
It grows up to 90 centimeter tall and is popular for its medicinal value. The
root has anti-inflammatory qualities and is used for treatment of insect bites,
especially those from centipedes, whereas the leaves are used fresh to treat
herpes simplex. It has reddish-purple branches, narrow, purplish dark green
leaves, and tubular, bright yellow flowers, that bloom in clusters from a
purplish-brown strobilus (fig.).
Also commonly known as Hophead and Porcupine Flower, and in Thai called salet
phang phon (เสลดพังพอน).
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Phimai (พิมาย)
1. See
Prasat Hin Phimai.
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2. A small city situated about 60 kms Northeast of
Nakhon Ratchasima in the vicinity of the remains of
Prasat Hin Phimai
(fig.).
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phiman (พิมาน)
Thai term for the
‘dwelling
place of an angel or deity’
or a ‘celestial residence’.
The word is used as part of compound names for a number of royal palaces in
Thailand, e.g.
Boromphiman
Palace in
Bangkok
(fig.)
and Varophat Phiman (วโรภาษพิมาน)
in
Ayutthaya's
Bang Pa-in (fig.).
Also transliterated phimaan.
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phin (พิณ)
Thai.
Name a
traditional, three-stringed,
plucked
instrument,
that originated in
Isaan,
and which is also found in neighbouring
Laos.
It has a pear-shaped body and a neck, that typically ends in an upward bent
headstock, which is usually shaped in the form of
kanok-flame
or a
naga-head.
The neck has a fingerboard over which the
three
metal strings
run, which are usually plucked using a pick. This
lute-like
instrument is somewhat reminiscent of the four-stringed
krajab
pih
(fig.)
and it features in the logo of the
Revenue Department (fig.).
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Phiphek (พิเภก)
Character from the
Ramakien. He was the chief astrologer from
Longka
and a younger brother of
Totsakan, his
parents being
Thao
Lastian (ลัสเตียน),
i.e. Asuraphong (อสุรพงศ์),
and
Nang
Ratchada (รัชฎา). He was driven from the city and thus offered his allegiance to
Phra Ram
(fig.).
After the latter eventually defeated Totsakan, he appointed Phiphek as the king
of Longka. He is portrayed with a
green complexion (fig.),
eyes of which the upper eyelid partly
covers the eyeball and which are known as
tah jorakae (fig.), and characteristically wears a golden crown with a bulbous tip,
that is usually decorated with pieces of blue mirrored glass. Hence, he is very
similar to
Mahothon,
another demon character from the Ramakien, who also has a green complexion and
equally wears a golden crown with a bulbous tip, but which has a somewhat
shorter and more bulging point, and which is decorated with pieces of dark green
mirrored glass
(fig.).
In addition, the later has wide open
eyes called
tah phlohng
(fig.),
rather than tah jorakae.
In the
Ramayana,
Phiphek is known as Vibhishana or Bibhishan.
See also
LIST OF RAMAKIEN CHARACTERS & NAMES.
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Phi Phi Islands
Name of an archipelago of six isles,
including the well-known Koh Phi Phi Don and Koh Phi Phi Le, i.e. the two
foremost islands.
READ ON.
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phiphithaphan (พิพิธภัณฑ์)
Thai
for ‘museum’.
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Phiphithaphan Hahng Khai Yah Berlin
(พิพิธภัณฑ์ห้างขายยาเบอร์ลิน)
Thai
name for the
Berlin Pharmaceutical Museum.
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Phiphithaphan Meuang Nakhon Thai (¾Ô¾Ô¸Àѳ±ìàÁ×ͧ¹¤Ãä·Â)
Thai.
A museum in Nakhon Thai District of
Phitsanulok
that displays objects, equipment and
weaponry from the reign of
Poh Khun
Sri Intaratit (fig.),
the first ruler
of the Kingdom of
Sukhothai
who
liberated the Thai people of the yoke of the
Khmer
and
reigned from 1238 to circa 1270 AD.
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Phiphithaphan Silpa Thai Ruam Samai
(พิพิธภัณฑ์ศิลปะไทยร่วมสมัย)
Thai
name for the
Museum of Contemporary Art.
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Phiphithaphan Thepsri Yantra (¾Ô¾Ô¸Àѳ±ìà·¾ÈÃÕÂѹµÃÒ)
Thai.
Name for a museum in
Nakhon Pathom
that displays a mixture of colourful, both
large and smaller to life-sized statues of deities and characters form various
eastern religions, most notably from
Hinduism
and in specific from the Hindu god
Ganesha, to whom a single
hall alone dedicated to this
elephant-headed deity features 33 large
statues in various poses and colours, and with a variety of attributes and
sometimes
a
vahana
or consort. The museum has both an indoor and outdoor section with a
courtyard where a
brahmin
priest performs rites and blessings. Besides characters from religion it also
has a small Thai history section,
some
Khon
masks, i.e. traditional dance masks, and a garden with a pond, an
artificial cave and a waterfall. Besides the omnipresent Ganesha, characters on
display, include —yet, are not limited to—
Shiva (fig.);
Brahma (fig.);
Vishnu
(fig.);
Krishna (fig.);
Lakshmi (fig.);
Uma (fig.);
Radha (fig.);
Sri Mariamman or
Kali (fig. );
Mahakali (fig.);
Rahu (fig.),
a
legless demon, who as the
god of darkness is offered black flowers;
Garuda
(fig.);
Skanda or
Karttikeya (fig.);
the four guardian gods or
lokapala
Vaisravana,
Virudhaka,
Dhritarashtra, and
Virupaksa;
various
reusi or
hermits
(fig.);
Buddha images,
and some Chinese
Taoist
deities, etc. There is a room dedicated
to the half-human half-serpent
Nagaraat (fig.),
as well as a
separate air-conditioned room with wax images of famous Buddhist monks known as
Luang Pho
and
Luang Poo.
Many of the characters in the museum are displayed with
the typical attributes ascribed to them, whereas the Hindu deities may
additionally be depicted on or with an animal that represents their mount,
whilst some may be in the presence of their
shakti,
i.e. a consort. To a certain extent resembling a temple, the museum has
provided for visitors to worship and place offerings that can be obtained at the
museum's entrance.
WATCH VIDEO (1)
and
(2).
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Phiphithaphan Waht Witthayawat
(พิพิธภัณฑ์วาจวิทยาวัฑฒน์)
Thai
name for the
Museum of Dentistry.
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Phiphithaphan Witthayahsaht Lae Thong Fah Jamlong
(พิพิธภัณฑ์วิทยาศาสตร์และท้องฟ้าจำลอง)
Thai
name for the
Museum of Sciences and Planetarium.
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phiphop (พิภพ)
Thai
for ‘world’ or ‘earth’. Also
lohk.
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phi phraai (ผีพราย)
Thai. Name of
a very violent class of demons, primarily believed to be a kind of water ghosts
or water spirits. See also
Hohng Phraai.
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phi pop (ผีปอบ)
Thai. Name of a kind of a
demon-like cannibalistic folk ghost or ghoul found only in
Isaan. It is said to eat only
human organs and never gets full or satisfied. It is believed that the spirits
of those who become such a ghoul are usually from people who in life practiced
occultism and were unable to follow its strict rules, violating certain
prohibited laws, such as using black magic and sorcery to hurt others. For their
frequent evil deeds they are punished by the spirit of the teacher of the occult
by being turned into such a ghoul. These type of ghouls are said to be
intangible ghosts that will possess the body of a sleeping person, whose liver,
kidney and stomach they will eat whilst their victim is asleep. Those who are
eaten will hence die without any external wounds, as if they are just sleeping,
a phenomenon known as laai tai (äËŵÒÂ), and which translates as ‘death flow’.
If in an Isaan village several such suspicious deaths occur, when villagers have
died for unknown reasons, the village will perform a ghoul exorcism ceremony, i.e. a kind of ghost hunt. In the eviction ceremony, locally known as siang khong (เซียงข้อง), the villagers use forked sticks to chase the ghouls
that reside in various places. When
they are able to capture the phi pop ghosts, they are locked inside an earthen
jar and burned. The jar will then be closed off with a white cotton
pah yan
cloth on which
in black
some sacred
yan
writings are scrabbled, and buried
somewhere outside the village. Sometimes a
cut off section of a
bamboo stem
called a
bong
is used to confine the ghosts
(fig.).
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Phirap (พิราพ)
Thai. Name of
an
asura
or
yak
in the story
Ramakien,
who is
described as very powerful and mischievous. He was expelled by
Idsuan
and condemned to live only at Mount Atsakhan, where he later created his own
garden and planted a fruit tree known as Pawatong. One day, when Phirat was
absent,
Rama
(fig.),
Phra Lak
(fig.),
and
Sida
entered his garden to
rest and picked some fruit from the tree. Upon discovering this, Phirap's
servants tried to expel the trio, but Rama put up a fight and killed many of the
servants. When Phirap returned and discovered what had happened, he became very
angry, but upon seeing the beauty of Sida, he immediately fell in love. Using a
magic spell, Phirap then created a darkness, which he used as a cover to abduct
Sida. However, Rama shot an arrow to lift the darkness, and subsequently shot
and killed Phirap, with a powerful arrow called
Phrommat,
thus freeing Sida in the process. Phirap
is
often referred to as
Phra
Phirap, whilst his name
should be pronounced Phiraap. In
khon,
he is usually portrayed with a deep purple
complexion and wearing a golden crown with upward, elongated and pointed
ear-covers, though he may also be depicted wearing
a
kabang
(fig.),
i.e. a diadem-like crown (fig.). He is also known as Phairaap (ไภราพ), and in the past as Phairawa (ไภรวะ)
or Pharahwa (ไภราวะ).
See also
LIST OF RAMAKIEN CHARACTERS & NAMES.
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Phisadet Ratchani (ภีศเดช รัชนี)
Thai. Name of a prince
of the
late
Rattanakosin
Period,
who was born on 1 January 1920
as the son of Prince
Phitayalongkorn.
READ ON.
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phisamon (พิสมร)
Thai for ‘amulet’.
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phi seua (ผีเสื้อ)
1. Thai for ‘butterfly’. Many species are endemic to Thailand, both daytime and nocturnal butterflies
(fig.). Nocturnal
butterflies or moths are called
phi seua klahng keun in Thai, which can be
translated as ‘night butterfly’ or ‘moth’. See also
phi seua kathoey
and
THEMATIC STREET LIGHT.
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2. Thai.
‘Butterfly’. Architectural term
for a triangular decorative element on a roof corner, usually with temple
buildings. Its symmetric design is reminiscent of a butterfly, hence the name.
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3. Thai term for an ‘ogre’, a class of male
and female demons, as in
phi seua samut.
They are usually depicted holding, swaying or carrying a club, in Thai known as
a
krabong.
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phi seua jon kah laai jud
(ผีเสื้อจรกาลายจุด)
Thai name for
the
Spotted Black Crow.
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phi seua kathoey (ผีเสื้อกะเทย)
Thai name for gynandromorphic butterflies,
i.e. butterflies of any given species that have characteristics of both the male
and the female.
READ ON.
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phi seua klahng keun
(ผีเสื้อกลางคืน)
Thai for ‘moth’, literally it translates
‘night butterfly’. Thailand has many species of
moth, including some very large ones, such as the
Giant Uranid Moth
and the
Atlas Moth.
Many moths have interesting wing markings, such as eyespots, known as ocelli,
reminiscent of owl's eyes, whilst other species are masters in camouflage,
camouflaging themselves to look like a dead leaf, or by curling up to resemble a
twig. Some smaller moths camouflage as bird droppings and yet others have an
upward bent abdomen (fig.).
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phi seua klahng keun kahng kahw pak tai (ผีเสื้อกลางคืนค้างคาวปักษ์ใต้)
Thai. ‘Southern
bat moth’. Name for the
Giant Uranid Moth, species Lyssa
menoetius.
It is closely related to the
phi seua klahng keun kahng kahw thammada. See
also
kahng kahw
and
phi seua.
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phi seua klahng keun kahng kahw thammada (ผีเสื้อกลางคืนค้างคาวธรรมดา)
Thai. ‘Common
bat
moth’. Name for the
Giant Uranid Moth, species Lyssa
zampa. It is closely related to the
phi seua klahng keun kahng kahw pak tai.
See also
kahng kahw
and
phi seua.
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phi seua muan waan
(ผีเสื้อมวนหวาน)
Thai.
‘Queasy-sweet moth’. Name for any of the species of
Fruit-piercing Moth.
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phi seua non jo mai (ผีเสื้อหนอนเจาะไม้)
Thai. ‘Moth (phi
seua) of tree-boring larvae (non)’.
Generic name for moths of the family
Cossidae, such as
Xyleutes persona
(fig.),
Xyleutes strix, Zeuzera pyrina (fig.),
etc.
Members
of this family are commonly known as carpenter moths or goat moths. The first
designation refers to the fact that the larvae of most species are
tree borers that infest
wood, in some species taking up to three years to mature,
whereas the latter name refers to the fact that they often have an
unpleasant smell. The Thai word phi seua literally means ‘butterfly’, but the
term is also generally used for moths, which specifically are called
phi seua klahng keun, i.e. ‘night butterfly’.
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phi seua non
kah fahk thammada (ผีเสื้อหนอนกาฝากธรรมดา)
Thai. ‘Common
parasite-worm butterfly’. Name for the
Painted Jezebel.
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phi seua
non khao sahn laai seua (ผีเสื้อหนอนข้าวสารลายเสือ)
Thai. ‘Rice caterpillar tiger butterfly’. Name for the ‘Common tiger’, a butterfly with the
scientific name Danaus genutia, which is commonly found throughout South and
Southeast Asia, from India and Sri Lanka, to Indonesia and Australia. Its wings, with a span of 75-95 mm, have an
orange to reddish-brown background colour, with darkened veins that are marked
with broad black bands, and black margins with two rows of small white spots.
Its body is black with white dots. Males have a prominent black-and-white spot on the underside of the hindwing.
There are several subspecies. Also called Striped Tiger.
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phi seua
sahyan sih tahn thammada (ผีเสื้อสายัณห์สีตาลธรรมดา)
Thai. ‘Common
brown evening
butterfly’. Name for the
Common Evening Brown.
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phi seua samut (ผีเสื้อสมุทร)
Thai. ‘Marine butterfly’. A class of demons living in water.
READ ON.
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phi
seua saphai fah (ผีเสื้อสะพายฟ้า)
Thai. ‘Pale
blue sling bag
butterfly’. Thai
designation for the
Common Bluebottle.
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phi seua yah (ผีเสื้อหญ้า)
Thai. ‘Grass
butterfly’. Name for any of the species of
Wasp Moths.
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phi seua
yak (ผีเสื้อยักษ์)
Thai. ‘Giant
butterfly’. Name for the
Atlas Moth
(fig.).
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phisiw (พีซิว)
Thai-Tae Chew name for
Bi Xie.
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Phi Tah Khohn (ผีตาโขน)
Thai. ‘Ghostly vision masked dance performance’. Annual festival in Dahn Saai, in
Loei province.
READ ON.
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Phi Tong Leuang (ผีตองเหลือง)
Thai.
‘Ghosts of the Yellow
Leaves’.
Local nickname for the
Mlabri
people, because due
to their speedy nomadic lifestyle, in which they never tend to stay in any given
place for very long and thus inhabit simple
bamboo huts thatched with leaves (fig.),
it is said that they abandon their dwellings as soon as the leaves turn yellow. See also
phi
and
tong.
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Phitayalahp Phrithiyakorn (พิทยาลาภ พฤฒิยากร)
Thai. Name of a prince
of the
Rattanakosin
Period, who was born
on 7 November 1885
as
Prince
Thaniniwat Sonakun, a
grandson of King
Rama IV,
his father being the 62nd child of King
Mongkut.
He was a minister of justice, with the title of
Krom Meuan, and
President of the Privy Council,
succeeding Prince
Rangsit Prayoonsak (fig.) at
his death in
1951 and substituting as
Regent
for King Rama IX during the latter's royal
visit to Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines in 1963.
Prince Phitayalahp Phrithiyakorn passed away on 8 September 1974, aged 88.
See also POSTAGE STAMP.
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Phitayalongkorn (พิทยาลงกรณ์)
Thai. Name of a prince
of the
Rattanakosin
Period, who was a philosopher and had the
title of
Krom Meuan.
The
prince was born on 10 January 1876 AD, as the son of
Phra
Ong
Chao
Yod
Yingyot (พระองค์เจ้ายอดยิ่งยศ), who in
the
reign of his cousin King Rama V
was
Uparacha or
Vice
King of
Siam
and as the eldest son of
Phra Pinklao,
and thus a nephew to King
Mongkut,
held
the title of
Front Palace.
He
was one of the most respected poets of the
Rattanakosin era and wrote under the pseudonym NMS (นมส). He resided in
Wang Pramuan
in
khwaeng
Silom,
in
Bangkok's
khet
Bangrak. His eldest daughter
was Princess
Wiphawadi Rangsit,
who inherited his gift for writing. Prince Phitayalongkorn passed away on 23 July 1945 from a
cerebral hemorrhage, aged 68.
He is known as the Father of Cooperatives in
Thailand.
See also POSTAGE STAMPS (1)
and
(2).
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Phitsanulok (พิษณุโลก)
1. Thai. ‘World of
Vishnu’. A province (map) and its capital city of the same name in North Thailand.
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2. According
to ancient sources, the original name of
Angkor Wat.
Due to the lack of a v-sound in the Thai language (see
Thai Alphabet), the name Phitsanu
became a cognate for the name
Witsanu,
which has a common etymological origin. In
early recordings, Angkor Wat was referred to as
Phreah
Pisnulok or
Phra
Phitsanulok,
i.e. the ‘World of
Vishnu’
(Vishnu-loka) and the name
Angkor Wat, in
Khmer actually
Angkor Vat and in Thai
Nakhon Wat, meaning
‘Capital
Temple’, ‘Temple
City’ or ‘City
of Temples’,
only became a popular designation later on, after its
‘rediscovery’
and popularization in the West, in the mid-19th century. The names Phreah Pisnulok
and Vishnuloka are also reminiscent of Paramavishnuloka, the posthumous title
and deified name of Suryavarman II, the founder of
Angkor Wat.
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phittih (พิธี)
Thai
for ‘ceremony’.
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Phittih Kohnjuk
(พิธีโกนจุก)
Thai.
‘Tonsure Ceremony’. A ritual ceremony in which a small tuft of hair, called
juk by the local population, is cut off
and shaved (kohn) when the boys reach the age of 11 or 13. Since 12 is a pair number and considered to bring bad luck the ceremony will not be performed at that age. The growing of the tuft of hair goes back on a centuries old belief that it should prevent children from becoming chronically ill.
The ceremony is reminiscent of the
buat
ceremony, which is performed on a person
entering the priesthood. The ceremony is generally regarded as a coming of age
and in the past, this tradition was also upheld by royalty. At the time of a
royal tonsure, a young prince destined for the throne would also be formally
invested.
This
Tonsure Ceremony and Investiture,
an elaborate form of the Thai topknot-cutting ceremony, is reserved for royalty
of phra ong chao (¾ÃÐͧ¤ìà¨éÒ) rank and above, and is in Thai known as
Phra
Racha
Phittih
Sokan (¾ÃÐÃÒª¾Ô¸Õâʡѹµì). In Japan, the topknot of a sumo wrestler is cut off in
a hair cutting ceremony upon retirement, thus transforming the wrestler back to
civilian status.
Also spelt
Pittih Kohnjuk.
Compare with
Phittih Tham Khwan Deuan.
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Phittih Phrom Nahm Mon Sop (พิธีพรมน้ำมนต์ศพ)
Thai.
‘Corpse holy water sprinkling ceremony’.
A ritual
performed by a monk
during a funeral ceremony, in which a
deceased is sprinkled with
nahm mon,
i.e. holy water. See also
rod nahm mon
and
Luang Poo Tai Hong Kong.
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Phittih Sabaan Tong (พิธีสาบานธง)
Thai for
Trooping the Colour.
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Phittih Suansanam Thahaan Rachawanlop (พิธีสวนสนามทหารราชวัลลภ)
Thai for the annual
Military Parade of the Royal Guards, in English often referred to as
Trooping the Colour.
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Phittih Tham Khwan Deuan (พิธีทำขวัญเดือน)
See
Tham Khwan Deuan.
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phlaay (พลาย)
Thai for male
elephant (fig.). See also
Asian Elephant,
phang and
sihdoh.
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Phlaay Chumphon (พลายชุมพล)
1. Thai. Name of
a character in the
story
Khun Chang Khun Paen,
i.e. a child of
Khun Paen with Nang Kaew
Kiriyah (นางแก้วกิริยา), i.e. a daughter of the
Phraya
of
Sukhothai
and Nang Phen Chan (นางเพ็ญจันทร์).
The HTMS Phlaay
Chumphon, a submarine of the type
Madchanu once
used by the Royal Thai Navy (fig.),
was named after this character.
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2. Thai. Name of a submarine, usually
referred to as the HTMS Phlaay
Chumphon, i.e. a U-boat of the type
Madchanu that was once
used by the Royal Thai Navy (fig.),
and which is named after a character
from the
story
Khun Chang Khun Paen.
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phlab (พลับ)
Thai for
persimmon. Also called
phlab jien,
maphlab and
takoh.
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phlab jihn (พลับจีน)
A Thai name for
persimmon.
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phlabphlah (พลับพลา)
Thai. The
temporary quarters for a king, i.e. a royal pavilion. It is build especially for
the king when he has to attend, overlook, or take part in a ceremony, and
whereas
some pavilions may afterwards be dismantled, as is the case with royal
funerals held at
Sanam Luang
(map-
fig.),
some are conserved in their original place, e.g.
Rajakit Winitchai (map
-
fig.), while others have been relocated (map
-
fig.).
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phlab phleung teen pet (พลับพลึงตีนเป็ด)
Thai.
‘Duckfeet lily’. Thai name for the
spider lily.
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Phleng Chaht Thai (เพลงชาติไทย)
Thai.
‘Thai National Anthem’.
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Phleng Kiat Tamruat Khong Thai (เพลงเกียรติตำรวจของไทย)
Thai. ‘Song of the honour of the Thai
Police’.
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Phleng Sansaroen Phra Barami (เพลงสรรเสริญพระบารมี)
Thai-rajasap.
‘Song of praise to the grandeur’. The Royal Hymn
of Thailand.
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phleng tanyong (เพลงตันหยง)
Thai. Name for
the music and lyrics that accompanies the Muslim traditional
rong ngeng
folk dances of southern Thailand. Although it initially consisted of only
vocals, an ensemble is nowadays composed of a violin and one or more small drums
known as
klong ram manah. Also called
phleng tonyohng.
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phleng tonyohng (เพลงตนโหยง)
Thai.
Another name for
phleng tanyong.
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phluang (พลวง)
Thai name for
dipterocarpus.
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phnom (ភ្នំ)
Khmer. ‘Hill’ or ‘mountain’. The term often
occurs as part of a name for a
temple, sanctuary or sacred place located on a hill or mountain. As such, it
stands at the origin of the name of the
Cambodian capital
Phnom
Penh, which
derives from a small hill or phnom onto which summit a wealthy lady, called
Penh
(fig.), had a temple built, i.e.
Wat Phnom (fig.), in
which she placed a piece of wood from a candlenut tree with images of four
buddha's
as well as an image of
Vishnu, that she
in 1372 AD had found floating in the Tonlé Sap River (fig.). In Thai, the term is pronounced
phanom and equally
used in names for temples or sanctuaries, as in
Prasat Phanom Rung.
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Phnom Penh (ភ្នំពេញ)
Khmer.
‘Hill of Penh’ or ‘Penh Mountain’. Name of the capital of
Cambodia,
which derives from a 27 meter tall hill,
called
phnom in
Khmer,
and a wealthy lady, called
Penh
(map -
fig.). The
latter had a temple
built
on the summit, i.e.
Wat Phnom (map |