|
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
(Before BC 2800 - 2195) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty |
Reign |
| 1. |
Nu Wa
/ Nu Kua / Nu Gua |
Sān
Huáng |
Before
BC 2800 |
|
(女媧) |
(三皇) |
| or |
You Chao |
Sān
Huáng |
Before
BC
2800 |
| (有巢) |
(三皇) |
| 2. |
Sui Ren |
Sān
Huáng |
Before
BC 2800 |
| (燧人) |
(三皇) |
| 3. |
Fu Xi |
Sān
Huáng |
BC
2800 - 2737 (63 years) |
|
(伏羲) |
(三皇) |
| or |
Yan Di /
Shen Nong |
Wǔ Dě |
BC 2737 - 2698
(39 years) |
|
(炎帝 / 神农) |
(五帝) |
| 4. |
Huang Di /
Yellow Emperor |
Wǔ Dě |
BC
2697 - 2597 (100 years) |
|
(黄帝) |
(五帝) |
| or |
Shao
Hao |
Wǔ Dě |
BC 2597
-
2514 (83 years) |
| (少昊) |
(五帝) |
| 5. |
Zhuan Xu |
Wǔ Dě |
BC 2514
-
2436 (78 years) |
|
(颛顼) |
(五帝) |
| 6. |
Di Ku |
Wǔ Dě |
BC 2436
-
2366 (70 years) |
|
(帝喾) |
(五帝) |
| or |
Di
Zhi |
Wǔ Dě |
BC 2366
-
2358 (8 years) |
| (帝挚) |
(五帝) |
|
7. |
Tang
Yao |
Wǔ Dě |
BC 2358
-
2258 (100 years) |
| (唐尧) |
(五帝) |
| 8. |
Di Shun |
Wǔ Dě |
BC 2255 - 2195
(60 years) |
|
(帝舜) |
(五帝) |
|
Xia Dynasty (ca. BC 2205 - 1675) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty |
Reign |
|
1. |
Da
Yu |
Xia
Chao |
BC 2205 - 2197
(8-45 years) |
| (大禹) |
(夏朝) |
|
2. |
Qi |
Xia
Chao |
BC 2146 - 2117
(10-29 years) |
| (啟) |
(夏朝) |
|
3. |
Tai
Kang |
Xia
Chao |
BC 2117 - 2088
(29 years) |
| (太康) |
(夏朝) |
|
4. |
Zhong Kang |
Xia
Chao |
BC 2088 - 2075
(13 years) |
|
(仲康) |
(夏朝) |
|
5. |
Xiang |
Xia
Chao |
BC 2075 - 2047
(28 years) |
|
(相) |
(夏朝) |
|
6. |
Shao
Kang |
Xia
Chao |
BC 2007 - 1985 (21 years) |
| (少康) |
(夏朝) |
|
7. |
Zhu |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1985 - 1968
(17 years) |
| (杼) |
(夏朝) |
|
8. |
Huai |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1968 - 1924
(26 years) |
| (槐) |
(夏朝) |
|
9. |
Mang |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1924 - 1906
(18 years) |
| (芒) |
(夏朝) |
| 10. |
Xie |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1906 - 1890
(16 years) |
| (泄) |
(夏朝) |
| 11. |
Bu
Jiang |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1890 - 1831
(59 years) |
| (不降) |
(夏朝) |
| 12. |
Jiong |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1831 - 1810
(21 years) |
|
(扃) |
(夏朝) |
| 13. |
Jin |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1810 - 1789
(21 years) |
| (廑) |
(夏朝) |
| 14. |
Kong
Jia |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1789 - 1758
(31 years) |
| (孔甲) |
(夏朝) |
| 15. |
Gao |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1758 - 1747
(11 years) |
| (皋) |
(夏朝) |
| 16. |
Fa |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1747 - 1728
(11 years) |
| (發) |
(夏朝) |
| 17. |
Jie |
Xia
Chao |
BC 1728 - 1675
(52 years) |
| (桀) |
(夏朝) |
|
Shang
/ Yin Dynasty (ca. BC 1675 -
1046) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty |
Reign |
|
1a. |
Da
Ying / Tang |
Shang Chao |
BC 1675 - 1646
(29 years) |
| (大乙
/
汤) |
(商朝) |
| 1b. |
Da
Ding / Tai Ding |
Shang Chao |
Thought to have died before he
could ascend his throne |
| (大丁
/ 太丁) |
(商朝) |
| 2. |
Bu
Bing / Wai Bing (2nd King due to death of 1b) |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (2
years) |
| (卜丙
/ 外丙) |
(商朝) |
| 3. |
Zhong Ren |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (4
years); uncertain if he actually ever ruled |
|
(仲壬) |
(商朝) |
| or |
Da
Geng / Tai Geng (3rd or 6th King) |
Shang Chao |
(5 or 25 years) |
| (大庚
/ 太庚) |
(商朝) |
| 4. |
Tai
Jia / Da Jia |
Shang Chao |
BC 1535 - 1523
(12 years) |
| (太甲
/ 大甲) |
(商朝) |
| 5. |
Wo
Ding |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (19 or
29 years) |
| (沃丁) |
(商朝) |
| 6. |
Da
Geng / Tai Geng (6th King instead of 3 alt.) |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (5 or 25
years) |
| (大庚
/ 太庚) |
(商朝) |
| 7. |
Xiao
Jia |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (17
years) |
| (小甲) |
(商朝) |
| 8. |
Yong
Ji |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (12
years) |
| (雍己) |
(商朝) |
| 9. |
Tai
Wu / Da Wu |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (75
years) |
| (太戊
/ 大戊) |
(商朝) |
| 10. |
Zhong Ding |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (9 or 11 years ) |
|
(中丁) |
(商朝) |
| 11. |
Wai
Ren |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (10 or 15 years) |
| (外壬) |
(商朝) |
| 12. |
He
Dan Jia |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (9 years) |
| (河亶甲) |
(商朝) |
| 13. |
Zu
Yi |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (19
years) |
| (祖乙) |
(商朝) |
| 14. |
Zu
Xin |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (14 or
16 years) |
| (祖辛) |
(商朝) |
| 15. |
Wo
Jia |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (20 or
25 years) |
| (沃甲) |
(商朝) |
| 16. |
Zu
Ding |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (32
years) |
| (祖丁) |
(商朝) |
| 17. |
Nan
Geng |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (29
years) |
| (南庚) |
(商朝) |
| 18. |
Yang
Jia |
Shang Chao |
Unknown (7 or 17
years) |
| (陽甲) |
(商朝) |
| 19. |
Pan
Geng |
Shang / Yin
Chao |
BC 1290 - 1263
(28 years) or BC 1374 - 1353 (21 years) |
| (盤庚) |
(商 / 殷朝) |
| 20. |
Xiao
Xin |
Yin
Chao |
Unknown (3
years) |
| (小辛) |
(殷朝) |
| 21. |
Xiao
Yi |
Yin
Chao |
Unknown (10
years) or BC 1353 - 1325 (21 - 24 years) |
| (小乙) |
(殷朝) |
| 22. |
Wu
Ding |
Yin
Chao |
BC 1250 - 1192
(58 years) or BC 1325 - 1266 (59 years) |
| (武丁) |
(殷朝) |
| 23. |
Zu
Geng |
Yin
Chao |
BC 1191 -1180
(11 years) or BC 1266 - 1259 (7 years) |
| (祖庚) |
(殷朝) |
| 24. |
Zu
Jia |
Yin
Chao |
Unknown (33
years) |
| (祖甲) |
(殷朝) |
| 25. |
Lin
Xin |
Yin
Chao |
Unknown (4
years) |
| (冯辛) |
(殷朝) |
| 26. |
Geng
Ding / Kang Ding |
Yin
Chao |
BC 1170 - 1147
(23 years) |
| (庚丁
/ 康丁) |
(殷朝) |
| 27. |
Wu
Yi |
Yin
Chao |
BC 1147 - 1112
(35 years) |
| (武乙) |
(殷朝) |
| 28. |
Wen
Ding / Wen Wu Ding |
Yin
Chao |
BC 1112 - 1102
(10 years) or BC 1325 - 1266 (11 years) |
| (文丁
/ 文武丁) |
(殷朝) |
| 29. |
Di
Yi |
Yin
Chao |
BC 1101 - 1076
(25 years) |
| (帝乙) |
(殷朝) |
| 30. |
Di
Xin / Zhou Wang |
Yin
Chao |
BC 1075 - 1046
(29 years) |
| (帝辛 /
紂王) |
(殷朝) |
|
Western
Zhou Dynasty (ca. BC 1046 - 771) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty |
Reign |
|
1. |
Wu /
Fa |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 1046 - 1043
(3 years) |
| (武 /
發) |
(西周朝) |
|
2. |
Cheng / Song |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 1042 - 1021
(21 years) |
|
(成 / 誦) |
(西周朝) |
|
3. |
Kang
/ Zhao |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 1020 - 996
(24 years) |
| (康 /
釗) |
(西周朝) |
|
4. |
Zhao
/ Xia |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 995 - 977 (18
years) |
| (昭 /
瑕) |
(西周朝) |
|
5. |
Mu /
Man |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 976 - 922 (
years) |
| (穆 /
滿) |
(西周朝) |
|
6. |
Gong
/ Yi Hu |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 922 - 900 (22 years) |
| (共 /
繄扈) |
(西周朝) |
|
7. |
Yi /
Jian |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 899 - 892 (3
years) |
| (懿 /
囏) |
(西周朝) |
|
8. |
Xiao
/ Pi Fang |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 891 - 886 (5
years) |
| (孝 /
辟方) |
(西周朝) |
|
9. |
Yi /
Xie |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 885 - 878 (7
years) |
| (夷 /
燮) |
(西周朝) |
| 10. |
Li /
Hu |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 877 - 841 (36
years) |
| (剌 /
胡) |
(西周朝) |
| 11. |
Gong
He |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 841 - 828 (13
years) |
| (共和) |
(西周朝) |
| 12. |
Xuan
/ Jing |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 827 - 782 (45
years) |
| (宣 /
靜) |
(西周朝) |
| 13. |
You
/ Gong Sheng |
Xi
Zhou Chao |
BC 781 - 771 (10
years) |
| (幽 /
宮湦) |
(西周朝) |
|
Eastern
Zhou Dynasty (ca. BC 770 - 221) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty |
Reign |
|
1. |
Ping
/ Yi Jiu |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
770 - 720 (50 years) |
| (平 /
宜臼) |
(东周朝) |
|
2. |
Huan
/ Lin |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
719 - 697 (22 years) |
| (桓 /
林) |
(东周朝) |
|
3. |
Zhuang / Tuo |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
696 - 682 (14 years) |
|
(莊 / 佗) |
(东周朝) |
|
4. |
Xi /
Hu Qi |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
681 - 677 (4 years) |
| (釐 /
胡齊) |
(东周朝) |
|
5. |
Hui
/ Lang |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
676 - 652 (24 years) |
| (惠 /
閬) |
(东周朝) |
|
6. |
Xiang / Zheng |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC 651 - 619 (32 years) |
|
(襄 / 鄭) |
(东周朝) |
|
7. |
Qing
/ Ren Shen |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
618 - 613 (5 years) |
| (頃 /
壬臣) |
(东周朝) |
|
8. |
Kuang / Ban |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
612 - 607 (5 years) |
|
(匡 / 班) |
(东周朝) |
|
9. |
Ding
/ Yu |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
606 - 586 (5 years) |
| (定 /
瑜) |
(东周朝) |
| 10. |
Jiang / Yi |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
585 – 572 (13 years) |
|
(簡 / 夷) |
(东周朝) |
| 11. |
Ling
/ Xie Xin |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
571 - 545 (26 years) |
| (靈 /
泄心) |
(东周朝) |
| 12. |
Jing
/ Gui |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
544 - 521 (23 years) |
| (景 /
貴) |
(东周朝) |
| 13. |
Dao
/ Meng |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
520 (1 year) |
| (悼 / 猛) |
(东周朝) |
| 14. |
Jing
/ Gai |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
519 BC - 476 (43 years) |
| (敬 /
丐) |
(东周朝) |
| 15. |
Yuan
/ Ren |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
475 - 469 (6 years) |
| (元 /
仁) |
(东周朝) |
| 16. |
Zhen
Ding / Jie |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
468 - 442 (26 years) |
| (貞定
/ 介) |
(东周朝) |
| 17. |
Ai /
Qu Ji |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
441 (less than a year) |
| (哀 /
去疾) |
(东周朝) |
| 18. |
Si /
Shu |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
441 (less than a year) |
| (思 /
叔) |
(东周朝) |
| 19. |
Kao
/ Wei |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
440 - 426 (14 years) |
| (考 /
嵬) |
(东周朝) |
| 20. |
Wei
Lie / Wu |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC 425 - 402 (23 years) |
| (威烈
/ 午) |
(东周朝) |
| 21. |
An /
Jiao |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
402 - 376 (26 years) |
| (安 / 驕) |
(东周朝) |
| 22. |
Lie
/ Xi |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
375 - 369 (6 years) |
| (烈 /
喜) |
(东周朝) |
| 23. |
Xian
/ Bian |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
368 - 321 (47 years) |
| (顯 /
扁) |
(东周朝) |
|
24. |
Shen
Jing / Ding |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
320 - 315 (5 years) |
| (慎靚
/ 定) |
(东周朝) |
| 25. |
Nan
/ Yan |
Dong
Zhou Chao |
BC
314 - 256 (58 years) |
| (赧 /
延) |
(东周朝) |
|
Qin Dynasty (ca. BC
306 - 206) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty |
Reign |
|
1. |
Ze / Ji / Zhao Xiang |
Qin Chao |
BC 306 - 250
(56 years) |
| (則 / 稷 / 昭襄) |
(秦朝) |
|
2. |
Zhu / Xiao Wen |
Qin Chao |
BC 250 (1 year) |
| (柱 /
孝文) |
(秦朝) |
|
3. |
Zi Chu / Zhuang Xiang |
Qin Chao |
BC 249 - 247 (2
years) |
| (子楚 / 莊襄) |
(秦朝) |
|
4. |
Zheng /
Shi Huang Ti |
Qin Chao |
BC 246 - 210 (36
years) |
| (政 /
始皇帝) |
(秦朝) |
|
5. |
Hu Hai / Er Shi Huang Di |
Qin Chao |
BC 210 - 207 (3
years) |
| (胡亥
/ 二世皇帝) |
(秦朝) |
|
6. |
Zi Ying /
San Shi Huang Di |
Qin Chao |
BC 207 - 206 (1 year) |
| (子嬰
/ 三世皇帝) |
(秦朝) |
|
Western Han Dynasty (ca. BC 202 -
AD 9) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Gao
Zu /
Bang |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 202 - 195 (7 years) |
| (高祖
/ 邦) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
2. |
Xiao
Hui / Ying |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 195 - 188 (7
years) |
| (孝惠
/ 盈) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
3. |
Qian
Shao / Gong |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 188 - 184 (4
years) |
| (前少
/ 恭) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
4. |
Hou
Shao / Hong / Shan |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 184 - 180 (4
years) |
| (后少 /
弘
/ 山) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
5. |
Xiao
Wen / Heng |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 180 - 157 (23
years) |
| (孝文
/ 恆) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
6. |
Jing
/ Qi |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 157 - 141 (16
years) |
| (景 /
启) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
7. |
Wu / Che |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 141 - 87 (54
years) |
| (武 /
彻) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
8. |
Zhao
/ Fu Ling |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 87 - 74 (13
years) |
| (昭 /
弗陵) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
9. |
Chang Yi Wang He / He |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 74 (27 days) |
|
(昌邑王賀 / 贺) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
10. |
Xuan
/ Xun |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 74 - 49 (25
years) |
| (宣 / 询) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
11. |
Yuan
/ Shi |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 48 - 33 (15
years) |
| (元 /
奭) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
12. |
Cheng / Ao |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 33 - 7 (26
years) |
|
(成 / 骜) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
13. |
Ai / Xin |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 7 - 1 (6
years) |
| (哀 / 欣) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
14. |
Ping
/ Kan |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 1 - AD 5 (6
years) |
| (平 / 衎) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
15. |
Ru
Zi / Ying |
Xi
Han Chao / Liu |
BC 6 - AD 9 (3
years) |
| (孺子 / 婴) |
(西汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
Xin Dynasty (ca. AD 9 - 23) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty |
Reign |
|
1. |
Wang
Mang / Ju Jun |
Xin
Chao |
AD 9 - 23 (14
years) |
| (王莽
/ 巨君) |
(新朝) |
|
Eastern Han Dynasty (ca. AD 23 -
220) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Geng Shi
/ Xuang |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 23 - 25 (2 years) |
|
(更始
/ 玄) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
2a. |
Pen Zi |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 25 - 27
(temporary puppet emperor) |
|
(盆子) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 2b. |
Guang Wu / Xiu |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 25 - 57
(31 years) |
|
(光武 / 秀) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 3. |
Ming
/ Yang |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 57 - 75 (18
years) |
| (明 /
阳) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
4. |
Zhang / Da |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 75 - 88 (13
years) |
|
(章 / 炟) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
5. |
He /
Zhao |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 88 - 105 (17
years) |
| (和 /
肇) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
6. |
Shang / Long |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 105 - 106 (1
year) |
|
(殇 / 隆) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 7. |
An /
Hu |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 106 - 125 (19
years) |
| (安 /
祜) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 8. |
Shao
/ Bei Xiang Hou / Yi |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 125 (less
than 1 year) |
| (少 /
北乡侯 / 懿) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 9. |
Shun
/ Xiao Shun / Bao |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 125 - 144 (19
years) |
| (顺 /
孝順 / 保) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 10. |
Chong / Bing |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 144 - 145 (1
year)
|
|
(沖 / 炳) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 11. |
Zhi / Zuan |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 145 - 146 (1
year)
|
|
(质
/ 缵) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 12. |
Huan / Zhi |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 146 - 168 (22
years)
|
|
(桓/ 志) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 13. |
Ling
/ Hong |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 168 - 189 (31
years)
|
| (灵/
宏) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 14. |
Shao
/ Bian |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 189 (1 year)
|
|
(少
/ 辩) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
| 15. |
Xian
/ Xie |
Dong
Han Chao / Liu |
AD 189 - 220 (31
years)
|
|
(獻
/ 协) |
(东汉朝
/ 刘) |
|
Three
Kingdoms (ca.
AD 220 - 280) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
| A1. |
Pi /
Wen |
Wei Guo / Cao |
AD 220 - 226 (6
years) |
| (丕
/
文) |
(魏国
/ 曹) |
| A2. |
Rui |
Wei Guo / Cao |
AD 226 - 239 (13
years) |
| (叡) |
(魏国
/ 曹) |
|
A3. |
Fang |
Wei Guo / Cao |
AD 239 - 254 (15
years)
|
| (芳) |
(魏国
/ 曹) |
| A4. |
Huan
/ Yuan |
Wei Guo / Cao |
AD 260 - 265 (5
years)
|
| (奐 /
元) |
(魏国
/ 曹) |
| B1. |
Bei |
Shu
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 221 – 223 (2
years) |
| (备) |
(蜀汉国
/ 刘) |
| B2. |
Shan |
Shu
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 223 - 263 (40
years) |
| (禅) |
(蜀汉国
/ 刘) |
| C1. |
Quan
/ Da |
Wu
Guo / Sun |
AD 229 - 252 (23
years)
|
| (权 / 大) |
(吴国
/ 孙) |
| C2. |
Liang |
Wu
Guo / Sun |
AD 252 - 258 (6
years) |
|
(亮) |
(吴国
/ 孙) |
| C3. |
Xiu
/ Jing |
Wu
Guo / Sun |
AD 258 - 264 (6
years) |
| (休 /
景) |
(吴国
/ 孙) |
| C4. |
Hao |
Wu
Guo / Sun |
AD 264 - 280 (16
years) |
| (皓) |
(吴国
/ 孙) |
|
Western Jin Dynasty (ca.
AD 266 - 316) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Yan / Wu |
Xi Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 266 - 290 (24
years) |
|
(炎
/ 武) |
(西晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
2. |
Zhong / Hui |
Xi Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 290 - 301 (11
years) |
|
(衷 / 惠) |
(西晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
3. |
Lun
/ Zi
Yi |
Xi Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 301 (less
than 1 year) |
| (伦 /
子彛) |
(西晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
4. |
Chi
/ Huai |
Xi Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 307 – 311 (4
years) |
| (炽 /
怀) |
(西晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
5. |
Ye /
Min |
Xi Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 313 - 316 (3
years) |
| (业
or 邺 / 愍) |
(西晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
Eastern Jin Dynasty (ca.
AD 317 - 420) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Rui
/ Yuan |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 317 - 323 (6
years) |
| (睿 /
元) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
2. |
Shao/
Ming |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 323 - 325 (2
years) |
| (绍 /
明) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
3. |
Yan
/ Cheng |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 325 - 342 (17
years) |
| (衍 /
成) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
4. |
Yue
/ Kang |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 342 - 344 (2
years) |
| (岳 /
康) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
5. |
Dan
/ Mu |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 344 - 361 (17
years) |
| (聃 /
穆) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
6. |
Pi /
Ai |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 361 - 365 (4
years) |
| (丕 /
哀) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
7. |
Yi /
Fei |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 365 - 372 (7
years) |
| (奕 /
废) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
8. |
Yu /
Jian Wen |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 372 (less
than 1 year) |
| (昱
/ 简文) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
9. |
Yao
/ Xiao Wu |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 372 - 396 (24
years) |
| (曜 /
孝武) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
10. |
De
Zong / An |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 396 - 419 (23
years) |
| (德宗
/ 安) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
11. |
De
Wen / Gong |
Dong
Jin
Chao / Si Ma |
AD 419 - 420 (1
year) |
| (德文
/ 恭) |
(东晋朝
/ 司馬) |
|
Northern Wei / Yuan Dynasty (ca.
AD 386 - 535) - 1st Northern Dynasty |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Gui
/ Dao Wu |
Bei
Wei Chao / Tuo Ba |
AD
386 - 409 (23 years) |
| (珪 /
道武) |
(北魏朝 /拓拔) |
|
2. |
Si /
Ming Yuan |
Bei
Wei Chao / Tuo Ba |
AD
409 - 423 (14 years) |
| (嗣 /
明元) |
(北魏朝 /拓拔) |
|
3. |
Dao
or Tao / Tai Wu |
Bei
Wei Chao / Tuo Ba |
AD
423 - 452 (29 years) |
| (焘 /
太武) |
(北魏朝 /拓拔) |
|
4. |
Yu /
Nan An |
Bei
Wei Chao / Tuo Ba |
AD
452 (less than 1 year) |
| (余 /
南安) |
(北魏朝 /拓拔) |
|
5. |
Jun
/ Wen Cheng |
Bei
Wei Chao / Tuo Ba |
AD
452 - 465 (13 years) |
| (濬 /
文成) |
(北魏朝 /拓拔) |
|
6. |
Hong
/ Xian Wen |
Bei
Wei Chao / Tuo Ba |
AD
466 - 471 (5 years) |
| (弘 /
献文) |
(北魏朝 /拓拔) |
|
7. |
Hong
/ Xiao Wen |
Bei
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
471 - 499 (28 years) |
| (宏 /
孝文) |
(北魏朝 /元) |
|
8. |
Ke /
Xuan Wu |
Bei
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
499 - 515 (16 years) |
| (恪 /
宣武) |
(北魏朝 /元) |
|
9. |
Xu /
Xiao Ming |
Bei
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
516 - 528 (12 years) |
| (诩 / 孝明) |
(北魏朝 /元) |
|
10. |
Zhao
/ You Zhu |
Bei
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
528 (less than 1 year) |
| (钊 /
幼主) |
(北魏朝 /元) |
|
11. |
Zi
You / Xiao Zhuang |
Bei
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
528 - 530 (2 years) |
| (子攸
/ 孝庄) |
(北魏朝 /元) |
|
12. |
Ye /
Chang Guang |
Bei
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
530 - 531 (1 year) |
| (晔 /
长广) |
(北魏朝 /元) |
|
13. |
Gong
/ Jie Min |
Bei
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
531 (less than 1 year) |
| (恭 / 节闵) |
(北魏朝 /元) |
|
14. |
Lang
/ An Ding |
Bei
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
532 (less than 1 year) |
| (朗 /
安定) |
(北魏朝 /元) |
|
15. |
Xiu
/ Xiao Wu |
Bei
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
532 - 535 (3 years) |
| (脩 /
孝武) |
(北魏朝 /元) |
|
Liu / Former Song Dynasty (ca.
AD 420 - 479) - 1st Southern Dynasty |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Yu / Wu |
Song Chao / Liu |
AD 420 - 422 (2
years) |
|
(裕 / 武) |
(宋朝 / 刘) |
|
2. |
Yi
Fu / Shao |
Song Chao / Liu |
AD 422 - 424 (2
years) |
| (义符
/ 少) |
(宋朝 / 刘) |
|
3. |
Yi
Long / Wen |
Song Chao / Liu |
AD 424 - 453 (29
years) |
| (义隆 / 文) |
(宋朝 / 刘) |
|
4. |
Shao
/ Yuan Xiong |
Song Chao / Liu |
AD 453 (1 year) |
| (劭 /
元凶) |
(宋朝 / 刘) |
|
5. |
Jun/
Xiao Wu |
Song Chao / Liu |
AD 453 - 464 (11
years) |
| (骏 /
孝武) |
(宋朝 / 刘) |
|
6. |
Zi
Ye /Qian Fei |
Song Chao / Liu |
AD 464 - 465 (2
years) |
| (子业
/ 前废) |
(宋朝 / 刘) |
|
7. |
Yu /
Ming |
Song Chao / Liu |
AD 465 - 472 (2
years) |
| (彧 /
明) |
(宋朝 / 刘) |
|
8. |
Yu /
Hou Fei |
Song Chao / Liu |
AD 472 - 477 (5
years) |
| (昱
/后废) |
(宋朝 / 刘) |
|
9. |
Zhun
/ Shun |
Song Chao / Liu |
AD 477 - 479 (2
years) |
| (准 / 顺) |
(宋朝 / 刘) |
|
Southern Qi Dynasty (ca.
AD 479 - 502) - 2nd Southern Dynasty |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Dao
Cheng / Gao |
Nan
Qi Chao / Xiao |
AD 479 - 482 (3
years) |
| (道成
/ 高) |
(南齐朝
/ 萧) |
|
2. |
Ze /
Wu |
Nan
Qi Chao / Xiao |
AD 482 - 493 (11
years) |
| (赜 /
武) |
(南齐朝
/ 萧) |
|
3. |
Zhao
Ye / Yu Lin |
Nan
Qi Chao / Xiao |
AD 493 - 494 (1
year) |
| (昭业
/ 郁林) |
(南齐朝
/ 萧) |
|
4. |
Zhao
Wen / Hai Ling |
Nan
Qi Chao / Xiao |
AD 494 (less
than 1 year) |
| (昭文
/ 海陵) |
(南齐朝
/ 萧) |
|
5. |
Luan
/ Ming |
Nan
Qi Chao / Xiao |
AD 494 - 498 (3
years) |
| (鸾 /
明) |
(南齐朝
/ 萧) |
|
6. |
Bao
Juan / Dong Hun Hou |
Nan
Qi Chao / Xiao |
AD 499 - 501 (2
years) |
| (宝卷
/ 东昏侯) |
(南齐朝
/ 萧) |
|
7. |
Bao
Rong / He |
Nan
Qi Chao / Xiao |
AD 501 - 502 (1
year) |
| (宝融
/ 和) |
(南齐朝
/ 萧) |
|
Liang Dynasty (ca.
AD 502 - 557) - 3rd Southern Dynasty |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Yan
/Wu |
Nan
Liang Chao / Xiao |
AD 502 - 549 (47
years) |
| (衍 /
武) |
(南梁朝
/ 萧) |
|
2. |
Gang
/ Jian Wen |
Nan
Liang Chao / Xiao |
AD 549 - 551 (2
years) |
| (纲 /
简文) |
(南梁朝
/ 萧) |
|
3. |
Dong
/ Yu Zhang |
Nan
Liang Chao / Xiao |
AD 551 - 552 (2
years) |
| (栋 /
豫章) |
(南梁朝
/ 萧) |
|
4. |
Yi /
Yuang |
Nan
Liang Chao / Xiao |
AD 552 - 555 (3
years) |
| (绎 /
元) |
(南梁朝
/ 萧) |
|
5. |
Yuan
Ming / Zhen Yang Hou |
Nan
Liang Chao / Xiao |
AD 555 (less
than 1 year) |
| (渊明
/ 贞阳侯) |
(南梁朝
/ 萧) |
|
6. |
Fang
Zhi / Jing |
Nan
Liang Chao / Xiao |
AD 555-557 (2
years) |
| (方智
/ 敬) |
(南梁朝
/ 萧) |
|
Eastern Wei Dynasty (ca.
AD 534 - 550) - 2nd Northern Dynasty |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Shan
Jian / Xiao Jing |
Dong
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
534 - 550 (16 years) |
| (善見
/ 孝靜) |
(东魏朝
/元) |
|
Western Wei Dynasty (ca.
AD 535 - 556) - 3rd Northern Dynasty |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Bao
Ju / Wen |
Xi
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
535 - 551 (16 years) |
| (宝炬
/ 文) |
(西魏朝
/元) |
| 2. |
Qin
/ Fei |
Xi
Wei Chao / Yuan |
AD
552 - 554 (2 years) |
| (钦 /
废) |
(西魏朝
/元) |
| 3. |
Kuo
/ Gong |
Xi
Wei Chao / Tuo Ba |
AD
554 - 556 (2 years) |
| (廓 /
恭) |
(西魏朝
/ 拓拔) |
|
Northern Qi Dynasty (ca.
AD 550 - 577) - 4th Northern Dynasty |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Yang
/ Wen Xuan |
Bei
Qi Chao / Gao |
AD
550 - 559 (9 years) |
| (洋 /
文宣) |
(北齐朝
/ 高) |
| 2. |
Yin
/ Fei |
Bei
Qi Chao / Gao |
AD
559 - 560 (1 year) |
| (殷/
废) |
(北齐朝
/ 高) |
| 3. |
Yan
/ Xiao Zhao |
Bei
Qi Chao / Gao |
AD
560 - 561 (1 year) |
| (演 /
孝昭) |
(北齐朝
/ 高) |
|
4. |
Zhan
or Dan / Wu Cheng |
Bei
Qi Chao / Gao |
AD
561 - 565 (4 years) |
| (湛 /
武成) |
(北齐朝
/ 高) |
| 5. |
Wei
/ Hou Zhu |
Bei
Qi Chao / Gao |
AD
565 - 577 (12 years) |
| (纬 /
后主) |
(北齐朝
/ 高) |
|
6. |
Heng
/ You Zhu |
Bei
Qi Chao / Gao |
AD
577 (1 year) |
| (恒 /
幼主) |
(北齐朝
/ 高) |
|
Northern Zhou Dynasty (ca.
AD 557 - 581) - 5th Northern Dynasty |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Jue
/ Xiao Min |
Bei
Zhou Chao / Yu Wen |
AD
557 (1 year) |
| (觉 /
孝闵) |
(北周朝
/ 宇文) |
| 2. |
Yu /
Ming or Xiao Ming |
Bei
Zhou Chao / Yu Wen |
AD
557 - 560 (3 years) |
| (毓 /
明 or 孝明) |
(北周朝
/ 宇文) |
| 3. |
Yong
/ Wu |
Bei
Zhou Chao / Yu Wen |
AD
561 - 578 (17 years) |
| (邕 /
武) |
(北周朝
/ 宇文) |
|
4. |
Yun
/ Xuan |
Bei
Zhou Chao / Yu Wen |
AD
578 - 579 (1 year) |
| (赟 /
宣) |
(北周朝
/ 宇文) |
| 5. |
Chan
/ Jing |
Bei
Zhou Chao / Yu Wen |
AD
579 - 581
(2 years) |
| (阐 /
静) |
(北周朝
/ 宇文) |
|
Chen Dynasty (ca.
AD 557 - 589) - 4th Southern Dynasty |
| |
Name |
Dynasty |
Reign |
|
1. |
Ba
Xian / Wu |
Chen Chao |
AD 557 - 559 (2
years) |
| (霸先
/ 武) |
(陈朝) |
|
2. |
Qian
/ Wen |
Chen Chao |
AD 559 - 566 (3
years) |
| (蒨 /
文) |
(陈朝) |
|
3. |
Bo
Zong / Fei |
Chen Chao |
AD 566 - 568 (2
years) |
| (伯宗
/ 废) |
(陈朝) |
|
4. |
Xu
/ Xuan |
Chen Chao |
AD 569 - 582 (13
years) |
| (顼 /
宣) |
(陈朝) |
|
5. |
Shu
Bao / Hou Zhu |
Chen Chao |
AD 583 - 589 (6
years) |
| (叔宝
/ 后主) |
(陈朝) |
|
Sui Dynasty (ca.
AD 581 - 618) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Jian
/ Wen |
Sui
Chao / Yang |
AD 581 - 604 (23
years) |
| (坚 /
文) |
(隋朝
/ 楊) |
|
2. |
Guang / Yang or Ming |
Sui
Chao / Yang |
AD 604 - 617 (13
years) |
|
(广 / 炀 or 明) |
(隋朝
/ 楊) |
|
3. |
You
/ Gong |
Sui
Chao / Yang |
AD 617 - 618 (1
year) |
| (侑 /
恭) |
(隋朝
/ 楊) |
|
4. |
Tong
/ Gong |
Sui
Chao / Yang |
AD 618 - 619 (1
year) |
| (侗 /
恭) |
(隋朝
/ 楊) |
|
Tang Dynasty (ca.
AD 618 - 690) - Pre-Wu Ze Tian Period |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Yuan
/ Gao Zu |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 618 - 626 (8
years) |
| (渊
/ 高祖) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
2. |
Shi
Min /
Tai Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 626 - 649 (23
years) |
| (世民 /
太宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
3. |
Zhi
/ Gao Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 649 - 683 (34
years) |
| (治 /
高宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
4. |
Xian
/ Zhong Zong (First Reign) |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 684 (1 year) |
| (显 /
中宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
| 5. |
Dan
/ Rui Zong (First Reign) |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 684 - 690 (6
years) |
| (旦 /
睿宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
Second Zhou Dynasty (ca.
AD 690 - 705) - Empress Wu Ze Tian |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Wu
Mei / Wu Zhao / Tian Hao /
Wu Ze Tian |
Zhou
Chao / Wu |
AD 690 - 705 (15
years) |
| (武媚 / 武曌 / 天后 /
武则天) |
(周朝
/
武) |
|
Tang Dynasty (ca.
AD 705 - 907) - Post-Wu Ze Tian Period |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
| 1. |
Xian
/ Zhong Zong (Second Reign) |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 705 - 710 (5 years) |
| (显 /
中宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
2. |
Chong Mao / Shang or Shao |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 710 (less
than 1 year) |
|
(重茂 /殇 or 少) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
| 3. |
Dan
/ Rui Zong (Second Reign) |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 710 -
712
(2 years) |
| (旦 /
睿宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
4. |
Long
Ji
/ Xuan Zong or Ming |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 712 - 756 (44 years) |
| (隆基
/ 玄宗 or 明) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
5. |
Heng
/ Su Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 756 - 762 (6 years) |
| (亨 /
肃宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
6. |
Yu
/ Dai Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 762 - 779 (17 years) |
| (豫 /
代宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
7. |
Kuo
/ De Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 779 - 805 (26 years) |
| (适 /
德宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
8. |
Song
/ Shun Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 805 (less
than 1 year) |
| (诵 /
顺宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
9. |
Chun
/ Xian Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 805 - 820 (15
years) |
| (纯
or 淳 /
宪宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
10. |
Heng
/ You
/ Mu Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 820 - 824 (4
years) |
| (恆 /
宥 / 穆宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
11. |
Zhan
/ Jing Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 824 - 827 (3
years) |
| (湛 /
敬宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
12. |
Han
/ Wen Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 827 - 840 (23
years) |
| (涵 /
文宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
13. |
Chan
/ Wu Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 840 - 846 (6
years) |
| (瀍 /
武宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
14. |
Yi
/ Xuan Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 846 - 859 (13
years) |
| (怡 /
宣宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
15. |
Wen
/ Yi Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 859 - 873 (14
years) |
| (温 /
懿宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
16. |
Yan
/ Xi Zong |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 873 - 888 (15
years) |
| (俨 /
僖宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
17. |
Jie
/ Zhao Zong (First Reign) |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 888 - 900 (12
years) |
| (杰 /
昭宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
18. |
Yu |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 900 - 901 (1
year) |
| (裕) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
|
19. |
Jie
/ Zhao Zong (Second Reign) |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 901 - 904 (3
years) |
| (杰 /
昭宗) |
(唐朝
/
李) |
| 20. |
Zuo
/ Ai / Zhao Xuan |
Tang
Chao / Li |
AD 904 - 907 (3
years) |
| (祚 /
哀 / 昭宣) |
|
|
Five Dynasties Period (ca.
AD 907 - 960) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
| A1. |
Zhu
Wen / Tai Zu |
Hou
Liang
Chao / Zhu |
AD 907 - 912 (5
years) |
| (温 /
太祖) |
(后梁朝
/ 朱) |
| A2. |
You
Gui |
Hou
Liang
Chao / Zhu |
AD 912 - 913 (1
year) |
| (友珪) |
(后梁朝
/ 朱) |
|
A3. |
Zhen |
Hou
Liang
Chao / Zhu |
AD
913 - 923 (10 years) |
|
(瑱) |
(后梁朝
/ 朱) |
| A4. |
Cun
Xu |
Hou
Tang
Chao /
Li |
AD 923 - 926 (3
years) |
| (存勗) |
(后唐朝
/
李) |
|
B1. |
Si
Yuan / Dan |
Hou
Tang
Chao /
Li |
AD 926 - 933 (7
years) |
| (嗣源
/ 亶) |
(后唐朝
/
李) |
| B2. |
Cong
Hou / Min |
Hou
Tang
Chao /
Li |
AD 933 - 934 (1
year) |
| (從厚
/ 闵) |
(后唐朝
/
李) |
|
B3. |
Cong
Ke / Mo |
Hou
Tang
Chao /
Li |
AD 934 - 936 (2
years) |
| (從珂
/ 末) |
(后唐朝
/
李) |
|
C1. |
Jing
Tang |
Hou
Jin
Chao /
Shi |
AD 936 - 942 (6
years) |
| (敬瑭) |
(后晋朝
/ 石) |
|
C2. |
Chong Gui |
Hou
Jin
Chao /
Shi |
AD 942 - 947 (5
years) |
|
(重貴) |
(后晋朝
/ 石) |
| D1. |
Zhi
Yuan |
Hou
Han
Chao / Liu |
AD 947 - 948 (1
year) |
| (知远) |
(后汉朝
/ 刘) |
| D2. |
Cheng You |
Hou
Han
Chao / Liu |
AD 948 - 951 (3
years) |
|
(承祐) |
(后汉朝
/ 刘) |
| E1. |
Guo
Wei |
Hou
Zhou
Chao |
AD 951 - 954 (3
years) |
| (郭威) |
(后周朝) |
| E2. |
Chai
Rong |
Hou
Zhou
Chao |
AD 954 - 959 (5
years) |
| (柴榮) |
(后周朝) |
| E3. |
Chai
Zong Xun |
Hou
Zhou
Chao |
AD 959 - 960 (1
year) |
|
(柴宗訓) |
(后周朝) |
|
Ten Kingdoms Period (ca.
AD 907 - 979) |
| |
Name |
Kingdom
/ House |
Reign |
| A1. |
Wo |
Wu
Guo / Yang |
AD 907 - 908 (1
year) |
| (渥) |
(吳国 / 楊) |
| A2. |
Long
Yan |
Wu
Guo / Yang |
AD 908 - 920 (12
years) |
| (隆演) |
(吳国 / 楊) |
|
A3. |
Pu |
Wu Chao / Yang |
AD
920 - 937 (17 years) |
|
(溥) |
(吳国 / 楊) |
| B1. |
Liu
/ Wu Su |
Wu
Yue Guo / Qian |
AD 907 - 932 (25
year) |
| (鏐 /
武肅) |
(吴越国
/ 錢) |
| B2. |
Yuan
Guan / Wen Mu |
Wu
Yue Guo / Qian |
AD 932 - 941 (9
year) |
| (元瓘
/ 文穆) |
(吴越国
/ 錢) |
| B3. |
Zuo
/ Zhong Xian |
Wu
Yue Guo / Qian |
AD 941 - 947 (6
year) |
| (佐 /
忠獻) |
(吴越国
/ 錢) |
| B4. |
Zong
/ Zhong Xun |
Wu
Yue Guo / Qian |
AD 947 (less
than 1 year) |
| (倧 / 忠遜) |
(吴越国
/ 錢) |
| B5. |
Chu
/ Zhong Yi |
Wu
Yue Guo / Qian |
AD 947 - 978 (31
years) |
| (俶 /
忠懿) |
(吴越国
/ 錢) |
| C1. |
Shen
Zhi |
Min
Guo |
AD 909 - 925 (16
years) |
| (審知) |
(闽国) |
| C2. |
Yan
Han |
Min
Guo |
AD 925 - 926 (1
year) |
| (延翰) |
(闽国) |
| C3. |
Yan
Jun |
Min
Guo |
AD 926 - 935 (9 years) |
| (延鈞) |
(闽国) |
| C4. |
Ji
Peng |
Min
Guo |
AD 935 - 939 (4 years) |
| (繼鵬) |
(闽国) |
| C5. |
Yan
Xi |
Min
Guo |
AD 939 - 944 (5 years) |
| (延羲) |
(闽国) |
| C6. |
Wen
Jin |
Min
Guo |
AD 943 - 944 (1 year) |
| (文進) |
(闽国) |
| C7. |
Yan
Zheng |
Min
Guo |
AD 943 - 945 (2 years) |
| (延政) |
(闽国) |
| D1. |
Yin |
Chu
Guo / Ma |
AD 907 - 930 (23 years) |
| (殷) |
(楚国
/ 馬) |
| D2. |
Xi
Sheng |
Chu
Guo / Ma |
AD 930 - 932 (2 years) |
| (希聲) |
(楚国
/ 馬) |
| D3. |
Xi
Fan |
Chu
Guo / Ma |
AD 932 - 947 (15 years) |
| (希範) |
(楚国
/ 馬) |
| D4. |
Xi
Guang |
Chu
Guo / Ma |
AD 947 - 950 (3 years) |
| (希廣) |
(楚国
/ 馬) |
| D5. |
Xi E |
Chu
Guo / Ma |
AD 950 (15 years) |
| (希萼) |
(楚国
/ 馬) |
| D6. |
Xi
Chong |
Chu
Guo / Ma |
AD 950 - 951 (1 year) |
| (希崇) |
(楚国
/ 馬) |
| E1. |
Yan
/ Gao Zu |
Nan
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 917 - 941 (24 years) |
| (巖
and 龑 / 高祖) |
(南汉国
/ 刘) |
| E2. |
Bin |
Nan
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 941 - 943 (2 years) |
| (玢) |
(南汉国
/ 刘) |
| E3. |
Cheng / Zhong Zong |
Nan
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 943 - 958 (15 years) |
|
(晟 / 中宗) |
(南汉国
/ 刘) |
| E4. |
Chang / Hou Zhu |
Nan
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 958 - 971 (15 years) |
|
(鋹 / 後主) |
(南汉国
/ 刘) |
| F1. |
Jian
/ Gao Zu |
Da
Shu Guo |
AD 907 - 918 (11 years) |
| (建 /
高祖) |
(大蜀国) |
| F2. |
Yan
/ Hou Zhu |
Da
Shu Guo |
AD 918 - 925 (7 years) |
| (衍 /
後主) |
(大蜀国) |
| G1. |
Zhi
Xian / Gao Zu |
Hou
Shu Guo / Meng |
AD 934 (1 year) |
| (孟知祥
/ 高祖) |
(后蜀国
/ 孟) |
| G2. |
Chang / Hou Zhu |
Hou
Shu Guo / Meng |
AD 934 - 965 (31 years) |
|
(昶 / 後主) |
(后蜀国
/ 孟) |
| H1. |
Ji
Xing |
Nan
Ping Guo / Gao |
AD 909 - 928 (19 years) |
| (季興) |
(南平国
/ 高) |
| H2. |
Cong
Hui |
Nan
Ping Guo / Gao |
AD 928 - 948 (20 years) |
| (從誨) |
(南平国
/ 高) |
| H3. |
Bao
Rong |
Nan
Ping Guo / Gao |
AD 948 - 960 (12 years) |
| (保融) |
(南平国
/ 高) |
| H4. |
Bao
Xu |
Nan
Ping Guo / Gao |
AD 960 - 962 (2 years) |
| (保勗) |
(南平国
/ 高) |
| H5. |
Ji
Chong |
Nan
Ping Guo / Gao |
AD 962 - 963 (1 year) |
| (繼沖) |
(南平国
/ 高) |
| I1. |
Bian |
Nan
Tang Guo / Li |
AD 937 - 943 (6 years) |
| (昪) |
(南唐国
/ 李) |
| I2. |
Jing |
Nan
Tang Guo / Li |
AD 943 - 961 (18 years) |
| (璟) |
(南唐国
/ 李) |
| I3. |
Yu |
Nan
Tang Guo / Li |
AD 961 - 975 (14 years) |
| (煜) |
(南唐国
/ 李) |
| J1. |
Min |
Bei
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 951 - 954 (3 years) |
| (旻) |
(北汉国
/ 刘) |
| J2. |
Cheng Jun |
Bei
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 954 - 968 (12 years) |
|
(承鈞) |
(北汉国
/ 刘) |
| J3. |
Ji
En |
Bei
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 968 (less
than 1 year) |
| (繼恩) |
(北汉国
/ 刘) |
| J4. |
Ji
Yuan |
Bei
Han Guo / Liu |
AD 968 - 979 (11
years) |
| (繼元) |
(北汉国
/ 刘) |
|
Liao Dynasty (ca.
AD 907 - 1125) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty |
Reign |
|
1. |
Tai Zu |
Liao
Chao |
AD 907 - 926 (19
years) |
| (太祖) |
(辽朝) |
|
2. |
Tai Zong |
Liao
Chao |
AD 926 - 947 (21
years) |
| (太宗) |
(辽朝) |
|
3. |
Shi
Zong |
Liao
Chao |
AD 947 - 951 (4
years) |
| (世宗) |
(辽朝) |
|
4. |
Mu
Zong |
Liao
Chao |
AD 951 - 969 (18
years) |
| (穆宗) |
(辽朝) |
|
5. |
Jing
Zong |
Liao
Chao |
AD 969 - 982 (13
years) |
| (景宗) |
(辽朝) |
|
6. |
Sheng Zong |
Liao
Chao |
AD 982 - 1031 (49
years) |
|
(圣宗) |
(辽朝) |
|
7. |
Xing
Zong |
Liao
Chao |
AD 1031 - 1055 (24
years) |
|
(兴宗) |
(辽朝) |
|
8. |
Dao
Zong |
Liao
Chao |
AD 1055 - 1101 (46
years) |
|
(道宗) |
(辽朝) |
|
9. |
Tian
Zuo |
Liao
Chao |
AD 1101 - 1125 (24
years) |
| (天祚) |
(辽朝) |
|
Jin Dynasty (ca.
AD 1115 - 1234) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Min
/ A Gu Da |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1115 - 1123 (7
years) emperor only of Jin Dynasty |
| (旻 /
阿骨打) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
2. |
Cheng / Wu Qi Mai Da |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1123 - 1135 (12
years) emperor of China in 1125 |
|
(晟 / 吳乞買) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
3. |
Dan
/ He La |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1135 - 1149 (14
years) |
| (亶 /
合剌) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
4. |
Liang / Di Gu Nai |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1149 - 1161 (12
years) |
|
(亮 / 迪古乃) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
5. |
Yong
/ Wu Lu |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1161 - 1189 (28
years) |
| (雍 /
烏祿) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
6. |
Jing |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1189 - 1208 (19
years) |
| (璟) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
7. |
Yong
Ji |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1208 - 1213 (5
years) |
| (永濟) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
8. |
Xun |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1213 - 1224 (11
years) |
| (珣) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
9. |
Shou
Xu |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1224 - 1234 (10
years) |
| (守緒) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
10. |
Sheng Lin |
Jin
Chao / Wan Yan |
AD 1234 (1
year) |
|
(承麟) |
(辽朝
/ 完顏) |
|
Northern Song Dynasty (ca.
AD 960 - 1127) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Kuang Yin |
Bei
Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD 960 - 976 (16
years) |
|
(匡胤) |
(北宋朝
/
趙) |
|
2. |
Kuang Yi |
Bei
Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
976 - 997 (21
years) |
|
(匡义) |
(北宋朝
/
趙) |
|
3. |
Heng |
Bei
Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD 997 - 1022 (25
years) |
| (恆) |
(北宋朝
/
趙) |
|
4. |
Zhen |
Bei
Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD 1022 - 1063 (41
years) |
| (禎) |
(北宋朝
/
趙) |
|
5. |
Zong
Shi / Shu |
Bei
Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD 1063 - 1067 (4
years) |
| (宗實
/ 曙) |
(北宋朝
/
趙) |
|
6. |
Zhong
Zhen |
Bei
Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD 1067 - 1085 (18
years) |
| (仲鍼) |
(北宋朝
/
趙) |
|
7. |
Yong
/ Xu |
Bei
Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD 1085 - 1100 (15
years) |
| (傭 /
煦) |
(北宋朝
/
趙) |
|
8. |
Ji |
Bei
Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD 1100 - 1125 (25
years) |
| (佶) |
(北宋朝
/
趙) |
| 9. |
Dan
/ Huan |
Bei
Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD 1126 - 1127 (1
year) |
| (亶
/ 桓) |
(北宋朝
/
趙) |
|
Southern Song Dynasty (ca.
AD 1127 - 1279) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Gou |
Nan Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
1127 - 1162 (35
years) |
| (構) |
(南宋朝
/
趙) |
|
2. |
Shen |
Nan Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
1162 - 1189 (27
years) |
| (昚) |
(南宋朝
/
趙) |
|
3. |
Dun |
Nan Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
1189 - 1194 (5
years) |
| (惇) |
(南宋朝
/
趙) |
|
4. |
Kuo |
Nan Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
1194 - 1224 (30
years) |
| (擴) |
(南宋朝
/
趙) |
|
5. |
Yun |
Nan Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
1224 - 1264 (40
years) |
| (昀) |
(南宋朝
/
趙) |
|
6. |
Meng
Qi |
Nan Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
1264 - 1274 (10
years) |
| (孟启) |
(南宋朝
/
趙) |
|
7. |
Xian |
Nan Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
1274 - 1276 (2
years) |
| (顯) |
(南宋朝
/
趙) |
|
8. |
Shi |
Nan Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
1276 - 1278 (2
years) |
| (昰) |
(南宋朝
/
趙) |
|
9. |
Bing |
Nan Song
Chao /
Zhao |
AD
1278 - 1279 (1
year) |
| (昺) |
(南宋朝
/
趙) |
|
Yuan Dynasty (ca.
AD 1271 - 1368) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Qu
Bi Lai (Kublai Khan) / Shi Zu |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1279 - 1294 (15
years) as Emperor of China |
|
(忽必烈
/ 世祖) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
2. |
Cheng Zong |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1294 - 1307 (13 years) |
|
(成宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
3. |
Wu
Zong |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1307 - 1311 (4 years) |
| (武宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
4. |
Ren
Zong |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1311 - 1320 (9 years) |
| (仁宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
5. |
Ying
Zong |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1320 - 1323 (3 years) |
| (英宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
6. |
Jin
Zong |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1323 - 1328 (5 years) |
| (晉宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
7. |
Tian
Shun |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1328 (less than 1 year) |
| (天順) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
8. |
Wen
Zong (First Reign) |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1328 - 1329 (1 year) |
| (文宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
9. |
Ming
Zong |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1329 (less than 1 year) |
| (明宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
10. |
Wen
Zong (Second Reign) |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1329 - 1332 (3 years) |
| (文宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
11. |
Ning
Zong |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1332 (less than 1 year) |
| (寧宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
12. |
Hui
Zong |
Yuan Chao / Bor Ji Gin |
AD
1333 - 1370 (7 years) Emperor of China until 1368 |
| (惠宗) |
(元朝
/ 孛兒只斤) |
|
Ming Dynasty (ca.
AD 1368 - 1644) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Yuan
Zhang / Hong Wu |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1368 - 1398 (30 years) |
| (元璋
/
洪武) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
2. |
Yun
Wen / Jian Wen |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1398 - 1402 (4 years) |
| (允炆
/ 建文) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
3. |
Di /
Yong Le |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1402 - 1424 (22 years) |
| (棣
/ 永乐) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
4. |
Gao Chi
/ Hong Xi |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1424 - 1425 (1 year) |
|
(高熾
/ 洪熙) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
5. |
Zhan Ji
/
Xuan De |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1425 - 1435 (10 years) |
| (瞻基
/ 宣德) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
6. |
Qi Zhen / Zheng Tong (First Reign) |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1435 - 1449 (14 years) |
|
(祁鎮 / 正統) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
7. |
Qi Yu /
Jing Tai |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1449 - 1457 (8 years) |
|
(祁鈺 / 景泰) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
8. |
Qi Zhen / Zheng Tong (Second
Reign) |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1457 - 1464 (7 years) |
|
(祁鎮 / 正統) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
9. |
Jian
Jun / Jian Shen / Cheng Hua |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1464 - 1487 (23 years) |
| (見濬
/ 見深 / 成化) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
10. |
You Cheng /
Hong Zhi |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1487 - 1505 (18 years) |
|
(祐樘 / 弘治) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
11. |
Hou Zhao /
Zheng De |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1505 - 1521 (16 years) |
|
(厚照 / (正德) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
12. |
Hou Cong
/ Jia Jing |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1521 - 1567 (46 years) |
|
(厚熜
/ 嘉靖) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
13. |
Zai Hou /
Long Qing |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1567 - 1572 (5 years) |
|
(載垕 / 隆慶) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
14. |
Yi Jun /
Wan Li |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1572 - 1620 (48 years) |
|
(翊鈞 /
万历) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
15. |
Chang Luo /Tai Chang |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1620 (less than 1 year) |
|
(常洛 / 泰昌) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
16. |
You
Xiao / Tian Qi |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1620 - 1627 (7 years) |
| (由校 / 天啓) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
17. |
You Jian / Chong Zhen |
Ming Chao / Zhu |
AD
1627 - 1644 (17 years) |
|
(由檢 / 崇禎) |
(明朝
/
朱) |
|
Qing /
Manchu Dynasty (ca.
AD 1644 - 1911) |
| |
Name |
Dynasty / House |
Reign |
|
1. |
Fu
Lin / Shun Zhi |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1644 - 1661 (17 years) as Emperor of China |
| (福臨
/ 順治) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
2. |
Xuan
Ye / Kang Xi |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1661 - 1722 (61 years) i.e. longest-reigning Emperor |
| (玄燁 / 康熙) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
3. |
Yin Zhen /Yong Zheng |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1722 - 1735 (13 years) |
|
(胤禛 / 雍正) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
4. |
Hong
Li / Qian Long |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1735 - 1796/1799 (60+3 years) longest de facto power |
| (弘曆
/ 乾隆) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
5. |
Yong
Yan / Jia Qing |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1796 - 1820 (24 years) |
| (顒琰
/ 嘉慶) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
6. |
Min
Ning / Dao Guang |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1820 - 1850 (30 years) |
| (旻寧
/ 道光) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
7. |
Yi
Zhu / Xian Feng |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1850 - 1861 (11 years) |
| (奕詝
/ 咸豐) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
8. |
Zai
Chun /Tong Zhi |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1861 - 1875 (14 years) |
| (載淳
/ 同治) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
9. |
Zai
Tian / Guang Xu |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1875 - 1908 (33 years) |
| (載湉
/ 光緒) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
10. |
Pu Yi
/ Xuan Tong |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1908 - 1911 (3 years), i.e. the last Emperor of China |
| (溥仪
/ 宣統) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
Republic of China (ca.
AD 1912 - 1915) |
| |
Name |
Function /
House |
Reign |
|
1a. |
Sun Yat Sen (Sun
Yi Xian) / Sun Zhong Shan |
Founder-President |
AD
1912 (less than 1 year) |
| (孙逸仙
/ 孙中山) |
| 1b. |
Sun Yat Sen (Sun Yi Xian) / Sun Zhong Shan |
Leader Kuomintang |
AD
1912 - 1925 (13 years) |
| (孙逸仙
/ 孙中山) |
|
2. |
Yuan Shi Kai |
President / Yuan |
AD
1912 - 1915 (3 years) |
|
(袁世凯) |
(袁) |
|
Empire
of China (ca.
AD 1915 - 1916/1917) |
| |
Name |
House |
Reign |
| 1. |
Yuan Shi Kai |
Yuan |
AD
1915 - 1916 (less than 1 year) as Emperor |
|
(袁世凯) |
(袁) |
| 2. |
Pu Yi / Xuan Tong |
Qing
Chao /
Aisin Gioro |
AD
1917 (12 days), a warlord attempt to restore the throne |
| (溥仪
/ 宣統) |
(清朝
/
愛新覺羅) |
|
Republic of China (ca.
AD 1916 - 1949) |
| |
Name |
Function |
Reign |
| 1. |
Yuan Shi Kai |
President |
AD
1916 (less than 1 year) |
|
(袁世凯) |
|
2. |
Li Yuan Hong (First Term) |
President ad interim |
AD
1916 - 1917 (5 days) |
|
(黎元洪) |
| 3. |
Feng
Guo Zhang |
President |
AD
1917 - 1918 (1 year) |
|
(冯国璋) |
| 4. |
Xu
Shi Chang |
President |
AD
1918 - 1922 (4 years) |
|
(徐世昌) |
| 5. |
Zhou
Zi Qi |
Acting President |
AD
1922 (shortest presidency in Chinese history) |
|
(周自齊) |
| 6. |
Li Yuan Hong (Second Term) |
President |
AD
1922 - 1923 (1 year) |
|
(黎元洪) |
|
7. |
Gao
Ling Wei |
Acting President |
AD
1923 (less than 1 year) |
|
(高凌霨) |
| 8. |
Cao
Kun |
President |
AD
1923 - 1924 (1 year) |
| (曹锟) |
|
9. |
Huang Fu |
Acting President |
AD
1924 (less than 1 year) |
|
(黃郛) |
| 10. |
Duan
Qi Rui |
Provisional Chief Executive |
AD
1924 - 1926 (2 years) |
|
(段祺瑞) |
| 11. |
Hu
Wei De |
Provisional Chief Executive |
AD
1926 (less than 1 year) |
|
(胡惟德) |
| 12. |
Yan
Hui Qing |
President |
AD
1926 (less than 1 year) |
|
(顏惠慶) |
| 13. |
Du
Xi Gui |
President |
AD
1926 (less than 1 year) |
|
(杜錫珪) |
| 14. |
Ku
Wei Chun |
President |
AD
1926 - 1927 (1 year) |
|
(顧維鈞) |
| 15. |
Zhang Zuo Lin |
President |
AD
1927 - 1928 (1 year) |
|
(张作霖) |
| 16. |
Tan
Yan Kai |
Int'l Recognized Head of State
|
AD
1928 (less than 1 year) |
|
(谭延闿) |
| 17a. |
Chiang Kai
Shek |
Leader Kuomintang |
AD
1925 - 1975 (50 years) |
|
(蒋介石) |
| 17b. |
Chiang Kai
Shek |
Chairman Nationalist Government |
AD
1928 - 1931 (3 years) |
|
(蒋介石) |
| 17c. |
Chiang Kai
Shek |
Premier |
AD
1930 - 1931 (1 year) |
|
(蒋介石) |
| 17d. |
Chiang Kai
Shek |
Chairman National Military
Council |
AD
1932 - 1946 (14 years) |
|
(蒋介石) |
| 17e. |
Chiang Kai
Shek |
President |
AD
1948 - 1949 (1 year) |
|
(蒋介石) |
|
People's Republic of China (ca.
AD 1949 - Present) |
| |
Name |
Function |
Reign |
| 1a. |
Mao Ze Dong |
Chairman Communist Party of China |
AD
1943 - 1976 (33 years) |
|
(毛泽东) |
| 1b. |
Mao Ze Dong |
Chairman People's Republic of
China |
AD
1954 - 1959 (5 years) |
|
(毛泽东) |
|
2. |
Liu
Shao Qi |
Chairman People's Republic of
China |
AD
1959 - 1968 (9 years) |
|
(刘少奇) |
| 3a. |
Hua
Guo Feng |
Chairman Communist Party of China |
AD
1976 - 1981 (5 years) |
|
(华国锋) |
| 3b. |
Hua
Guo Feng |
Premier of People's Republic of
China |
AD
1976 - 1980 (4 years) |
|
(华国锋) |
| 4a. |
Deng
Xiao Ping |
Chairman of the Chinese National
PCC |
AD
1978 - 1983 (5 years) |
| (邓小平) |
| 4b. |
Deng
Xiao Ping |
Chairman Central Military
Commission |
AD
1981 - 1989 (8 years) |
| (邓小平) |
| 4c. |
Deng
Xiao Ping |
Chairman CP's Central Advisory
Commission |
AD
1982 - 1987 (5 years) |
| (邓小平) |
| 5. |
Hu
Yao Bang |
Chairman Communist Party of China |
AD
1981 - 1982 (1 year) |
|
(胡耀邦) |
| 6. |
Soong Ching Ling |
Head of State / Honorary
President |
AD
1981 (12 days) |
|
(宋庆龄) |
| 7. |
Ye
Jian Ying |
Head of State |
AD
1981 - 1983 (2 years) |
|
(叶剑英) |
| 8. |
Li
Xian Nian |
President |
AD
1983 - 1988 (5 years) |
|
(李先念) |
| 9. |
Yang
Shang Kun |
President |
AD
1988 - 1993 (5 years)
|
|
(杨尚昆) |
| 10. |
Zhao
Zi Yang |
General Secretary Communist Party |
AD
1987 - 1989 (2 years) |
|
(赵紫阳) |
| 11a. |
Jiang Ze Min |
General Secretary Communist Party |
AD
1989 - 2002 (13 years) |
|
(江泽民) |
| 11b. |
Jiang Ze Min |
President |
AD
1993 - 2003 (10 years) |
|
(江泽民) |
| 12a. |
Hu
Jin Tao |
General Secretary Communist Party |
AD
2002 - 2012 |
|
(胡锦涛) |
| 12b. |
Hu
Jin Tao |
President |
AD
2003 - 2013 |
|
(胡锦涛) |
| 13. |
Wen
Jia Bao |
Premier |
AD
2003 - 2013 |
|
(温家宝) |
| 14a. |
Xi
Jin Ping |
General Secretary Communist Party |
AD
2012 - Present |
|
(习近平) |
| 14b. |
Xi
Jin Ping |
President |
AD
2013 - Present |
|
(习近平) |
| 15. |
Li
Ke Qiang |
Premier |
AD
2013 - 2023 |
|
(李克强) |
| 16. |
Li
Qiang |
Premier |
AD
2023 - Present |
| (李强) |
Note: Until 223 BC,
dynasties consisted of kings, and only thereafter of emperors, with a
few
exception of the ancient monarchs, such as from the Three Sovereigns and the Five
Emperors Period, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, etc. But, those rulers are of
semi-mythological origin and might not even be historical figures at
all. Hence, there is much confusion about there origin and
chronological appearance, and depending on the source, there are many
variations of who exactly classifies as the three sovereigns or the five
emperors. There are multiple alternatives and the above list does not
include all possible options.
There is likewise much debate on the exact
dates of some of the earliest dynasties and even about the order of
certain genealogies, such as that of the Shang Dynasty which primary
source derives from oracle bones. Hence, certain rulers or even
dynasties might be placed at a later or an earlier date than given here,
or represent a certain genealogy in a slightly different order. The dates given here are
therefore not always confirmed, nor verifiable. Sometimes, the dates might even conflict other available data, such as the length
of the rule versus the period of the reign.
No royal dynasties and few imperial
dynasties swayed the scepter uncontested, and so-called illegitimate
empires often coincided with legitimate ones. Besides this, some of the legitimate imperial
dynasties controlled only half, or less, of what at the time was
regarded as China. A legitimate imperial dynasty might therefore have
coincided with another legitimate dynasty in the other half of the
country, although a single legitimate dynasty at any one time was the
general rule.
The above dynasties and rulers are listed chronologically,
but include only the historically recognized and most important of
legitimate rulers and their dynasties, either due to their long-lasting
reign, their remarkable achievements or other noteworthy feats. Less
important, illegitimate successions, or short-lived legitimate dynasties, are not
necessarily mentioned, nor are monarchs within certain dynasties that
were in power before a successor took up the role of Emperor of China. The above list
also does not include any of the
pre-dynastic Neolithic cultures of China, and in the listing of modern
rulers in post-Imperial China, only a few –currently relevant– names
amongst the many noteworthy people, are mentioned.
Some of China's
monarchs changed their name whenever they felt like it, whilst they never introduced a numeric system for succession, as is
common in the West. Furthermore, most rulers are also known by a variety of
additional names and titles, such as a personal name, a temple name, a royal title, a
posthumous name, an era name, etc. This, and the fact that some rulers
or dynasties adopted the same
name of a predecessor, either literally or only seemingly so in Romanized
transliterations, just adds to the confusion.
Hence, to avoid
mix-ups, in literature the reign
name is sometimes preceded by the name of the Dynasty,
e.g. King Qi of the Xia Dynasty is referred to as King Xia Qi, and
Emperor
Shi Huang Ti of the Qin Dynasty is called Emperor
Qin Shi Huang Ti,
whereas in case of successive dynastic names that are clones, they are
usually given a geographical determinant, such as Eastern Zhou vs.
Western Zhou, Northern Song vs. Southern Song, etc.
Additionally, note that the Zhou Dynasty
has in the above list been split up in the earlier Western Zhou Dynasty and the later
Eastern Zhou Dynasty, of which the latter traditionally encompasses
two sub-periods, i.e. the Spring and Autumn Period (ca. BC 722 -
481), and the Warring States Period (ca. BC 403 - 221), whilst the Shang
Dynasty is listed together with that of the Yin, as this dynasty changed
its dynasty name to Yin Dynasty, after they moved their
capital to the city of Yin. |
